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目的分析珠海市2015-2016年风疹病毒基因型别和特征,为风疹控制和消除提供分子流行病学基线数据。方法采集2015-2016年珠海市疑似风疹病例出疹后3天内的咽拭子,使用荧光逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法检测风疹病毒核酸,对阳性标本进行风疹病毒E1基因739个核苷酸片段(nt8731-nt9469)的扩增、序列测定和分析,与32株13个基因型的WHO参考株、中国其他省份流行的2B基因型分别构建基因亲缘性关系树。结果2015-2016年共收集疑似风疹病例的42份咽拭子标本,其中23份病毒核酸检测阳性,经进一步扩增,18份标本获得了靶基因序列。基因亲缘性关系分析显示,18份标本均为2B基因型风疹病毒,核苷酸和氨基酸序列同源性分别为98.2%-100%和99.1%-100%,并可分成两个进化分支,不同的进化分支包含了其他省份2B基因型分离株,无地理局限性和年代相关性。18株2B基因型风疹病毒在N-型糖基化位点、抗原表位、中和抗原决定簇和血凝抑制位点没有发生突变。结论 2015-2016年珠海市流行2B基因型风疹病毒,与全国流行趋势一致。应继续加强珠海市风疹病毒分子流行病学监测。
Objective To analyze the genotypes and characteristics of rubella virus in Zhuhai from 2015 to 2016 and provide molecular epidemiological baseline data for the control and elimination of rubella. Methods Throat swabs were collected within 3 days after immunization in Zhuhai from 2015 to 2016. Fluorescent reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the rubella virus nucleic acid. The positive specimens were tested for the presence of rubella virus E1 gene 739 (Nt8731-nt9469) were amplified, sequenced and analyzed. Genomic relationships were constructed with 32 WHO-referenced strains of 13 genotypes and 2B genotypes popular in other provinces in China. Results A total of 42 throat swab specimens were collected from 2015 to 2016, of which 23 were positive for virus nucleic acid. After further amplification, 18 specimens were obtained target gene sequences. The genetic relationship analysis showed that all the 18 samples were genotype 2B genrabirus. The nucleotide and amino acid sequence homologies were 98.2% -100% and 99.1% -100%, respectively, and could be divided into two evolutionary branches The evolutionary branch contains 2B genotype isolates from other provinces with no geographical limitations and chronological correlations. 18 strains of 2B genotype rubella virus in the N-type glycosylation sites, antigen epitopes, neutralizing epitopes and hemagglutination inhibition sites did not change. Conclusion Zhuhai epidemic genotype 2B genotype rubella virus 2015-2016, consistent with the national epidemic trend. Epidemiological surveillance of rubella virus in Zhuhai should continue to be strengthened.