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[目的]分析平罗县一起麻疹流行的流行病学特征。[方法]对平罗县麻疹流行监测资料、流行病学调查资料及数据进行流行病学分析。[结果]本次麻疹流行波及全县13个乡镇,共报告麻疹疑似病例301例,确诊162例,罹患率为0.51‰。流行模式为散发与暴发并存,以散发为主,局部出现以乡或村(居委会)为单位的暴发;病例主要集中于8月龄以下儿童及15~39岁青壮年,占病例总数的82.72%;人群分布中以散居儿童和农民居多,占病例总数的77.78%;临床症状以典型病例为主,占病例总数的60.50%;162例病例中,有接种史者25例,占15.43%;无接种史者55例,占33.95%;接种史不详者82例,占50.62%。[结论]母体胎传抗体滴度达不到保护水平,以及人群缺乏隐性感染机会,造成易感人群的积累,是8月龄以下儿童和15岁以上大年龄人群发病比例较高及本次麻疹暴发流行的主要原因。建议麻疹疫苗初免起始月龄从8月龄提前到6月龄;适当增加大年龄组人群的强化免疫次数。我县儿童麻疹疫苗接种存在漏种、接种不及时和免疫不成功现象,应提高麻疹疫苗的接种率、接种及时率和免疫成功率。
[Objective] To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of a measles epidemic in Pingluo County. [Method] The epidemiological analysis of measles epidemic surveillance data, epidemiological survey data and data in Pingluo County was conducted. [Result] The epidemic of measles spread to 13 towns and villages in the county. A total of 301 suspected cases of measles were reported, 162 cases were diagnosed, the attack rate was 0.51 ‰. The epidemic pattern is the coexistence of exudes and outbreaks, with exudes as the main issue, and local outbreaks with villages or villages (neighborhood committees) as the unit. The cases mainly focus on children under 8 months old and young adults aged 15 to 39, accounting for 82.72% of the total cases. ; The distribution of population was mostly scattered children and peasants, accounting for 77.78% of the total cases; the clinical symptoms were mainly typical cases, accounting for 60.50% of the total cases; among 162 cases, 25 cases were vaccinated, accounting for 15.43%; Inoculation history of 55 cases, accounting for 33.95%; vaccination history unknown 82 cases, accounting for 50.62%. [Conclusion] The maternal TB antibody titer can not reach the level of protection, and the population lacks the chance of latent infection, resulting in the accumulation of susceptible people. This is a high proportion of children under 8 months of age and over 15 years of age and this time The main reason for the outbreak of measles. It is recommended that the initial monthly immunization duration of measles vaccine be raised from 8 months to 6 months of age. The number of intensive immunizations for older age groups should be appropriately increased. In our county, measles vaccination has missed the vaccination, inoculation is not timely and unsuccessful immunization phenomenon, measles vaccine should be increased vaccination rate, timely vaccination rate and immune success rate.