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目的:通过对宁夏回族自治区确诊新型冠状病毒肺炎（新冠肺炎）患者住院期间抗病毒治疗和出院3个月复查追踪，观察和分析新冠肺炎不同抗病毒方案的临床疗效和近期及远期不良反应。方法:采用单中心回顾性研究方法，选择2020年1月20日至3月15日作者作为宁夏回族自治区卫生健康委员会派驻至本自治区唯一收治新冠肺炎患者的定点医院（宁夏回族自治区第四人民医院）时在隔离病房全程接管收治的新冠肺炎患者。根据抗病毒方案将患者分为常规抗病毒组和非常规抗病毒组，常规抗病毒组给予α-干扰素联合洛匹那韦/利托那韦治疗；非常规抗病毒组给予α-干扰素联合洛匹那韦/利托那韦和阿比多尔或利巴韦林或磷酸氯喹治疗；再按疾病严重程度不同将患者分为轻型（13例）、普通型（45例）、重型（14例）、危重型（1例）。收集患者临床资料、住院时间、首次新型冠状病毒（2019-nCoV）核酸转阴时间、住院费用、出院后14 d 2019-nCoV核酸复阳情况，以及联合使用激素和抗菌药物情况；比较不同抗病毒方案治疗两组入院1、3、7 d和出院1个月、出院3个月血常规、肝功能、血脂水平的差异及不良反应发生情况。结果:①一般资料：共收治新冠肺炎确诊患者75例，最终纳入73例，其中常规抗病毒组47例，非常规抗病毒组26例。对不同临床分型患者分析显示，分型越重，患者年龄越大，合并基础疾病的比例越高，住院时间越长，治疗费用越高。与常规抗病毒组比较，非常规抗病毒组重型和危重型患者比例更高〔分别为34.6%（9/26）比10.6%（5/47），3.8%（1/26）比0（0/47）〕，住院时间（d：16.1±5.6比11.6±3.3）、首次核酸转阴时间更长（d：12.4±4.5比10.0±3.5），住院费用更高〔元：11 984.2（9 000.6，24 424.7）比8 140.4（6 715.7，9 707.7）〕，差异均有统计学意义（均n P0.05）。②实验室检查：随时间延长，两组白细胞计数（WBC）、血小板计数（PLT）、总胆红素（TBil）、三酰甘油（TG）均呈先升高后降低趋势，淋巴细胞计数（LYM）呈先降低后升高趋势。非常规抗病毒组治疗后WBC、PLT、TG均于入院7 d达峰值，分别为（6.53±2.78）×10n 9/L、（250.77±96.12）×10n 9/L、（1.94±0.96）μmol/L，TBil于入院3 d达峰值，为（23.69±12.14）μmol/L，LYM于出院后1个月达峰值，为（1.82±0.50）×10n 9/L；但不同抗病毒方案组间上述指标比较差异均无统计学意义；两组各时间点丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）、总胆固醇（TC）比较差异均无统计学意义。③非抗病毒组联合使用激素的比例明显高于常规抗病毒组〔26.9%（7/26）比4.3%（2/47），n P<0.05〕。n 结论:年龄、合并基础疾病与新冠肺炎患者病情相关，非常规抗病毒治疗方案多用于病情重、病毒核酸长期未转阴的新冠肺炎患者，可根据患者对药物的反应和耐受程度，个体化使用抗病毒药物。“,”Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy and short-term and long-term adverse reactions for different antiviral regiments for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region during hospitalization and follow-up in 3 months.Methods:A single-center retrospective study was conducted to enroll the COVID-19 patients in isolation ward of the only designated hospital to receive COVID-19 patients (the Fourth People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region) when the authors were assigned by the Ningxia Health Commission as experts from January 20, 2020 to March 15, 2020. According to the antiviral regimen, the patients were divided into conventional antiviral group and unconventional antiviral group. The conventional antiviral group received α-interferon combined with Lopinavir/Ritonavir (LPV/R). The unconventional antiviral group was given α-interferon combined with LPV/R and Abidor or Ribavirin or Chloroquine. The patients were divided into mild (13 cases), ordinary (45 cases), severe (14 cases) and critical (1 case) types. The clinical data, length of hospital stay, the first 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) nucleic acid negative recovery time, cost of hospitalization, 2019-nCoV nucleic acid positive reversal after 14 days of discharge, and the combination of hormones and antibiotics were collected. The differences in blood routine, liver function, blood lipid level and adverse reactions of antiviral drugs during hospitalization were compared between the two groups at 1, 3 and 7 days after admission and 1 and 3 months after discharge.Results:① General information: a total of 75 patients with confirmed COVID-19 were admitted, and 73 patients were eventually enrolled, including 47 cases in the conventional antiviral group and 26 cases in the unconventional antiviral group. Patients with different clinical classification were analyzed, the higher the clinical classification and the patients' age, the higher the proportion of primary diseases and the cost of treatment, and the longer the length of hospital stay. Compared with conventional antiviral group, in unconventional antiviral group the percentage of severe and critical patients were higher [34.6% (9/26) vs. 10.6% (5/47), 3.8% (1/26) vs. 0 (0/47)], the length of hospital stay (days: 16.1±5.6 vs. 11.6±3.3), first nucleic acid negative recovery time (days: 12.4±4.5 vs. 10.0±3.5) were longer, and hospitalization cost was higher [Yuan: 11 984.2 (9 000.6, 24 424.7) vs. 8 140.4 (6 715.7, 9 707.7)], with statistically significant differences (alln P 0.05).② Laboratory tests: during the hospitalization, white blood cell count (WBC), platelet count (PLT), total bilirubin (TBil) and three acyl glycerin (TG) levels were first increased and then reduced, lymphocyte count (LYM) was first decreased and then increased in two groups. In the unconventional antiviral group, WBC [(6.53±2.78)×10 n 9/L], PLT [(250.77±96.12)×10n 9/L], and TG [(1.94±0.96) μmol/L] all reached their peak values at 7 days after admission. TBil peaked at 3 days after admission, which was (23.69±12.14) μmol/L, and LYM reached the peak 1 month after discharge, which was (1.82±0.50)×10 n 9/L; however, there was no statistical significance among the above indicators between two groups. There were no statistically significant differences in alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and total cholesterol (TC) between the two groups at each time point. ③The ratio of combined use of hormones in the non-antiviral group was significantly higher than that in the conventional antiviral group [26.9% (7/26) vs. 4.3% (2/47), n P < 0.05].n Conclusions:Age and associated primary diseases are related to the severity of COVID-19 patients. Unconventional antiviral treatment regimens are mostly used for severe COVID-19 patients whose ucleic acid did not turn negative for a long time. Individual antiviral therapy can be used based on the patients' response and tolerance to drugs.