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曾经在相当长的一个时期,企业富余人员一直是困扰中国企业改革和结构调整的历史性难题。从20世纪80年代初期提出这一问题,到90年代后期形成一整套方案和政策,其间经历了长达十几年的实践探索。真正大规模地进行劳动力结构大调整,是在1998年中央对国有企业下岗职工基本生活保障和再就业工作作出全面部署之后。过去6年间,通过实行鼓励兼并、规范破产、下岗分流、减员增效和实施再就业工程的方针,完善职工安置政策,劣势企业退出市场的通道初步建立,国有企业下岗职工累计达2800多万人,其中1890多万人从第二产业转到了第三产业、从国有企业转向非公有制经济领域实现再就业,基本完成了计划经济向市场经济转轨过程中劳动力结构的大调整,有力地促进了国有经济的战略
For a long time, redundant personnel of enterprises have always been a historic problem that plagued the reform and structural adjustment of Chinese enterprises. From the early 1980s raised this issue to the late 90s to form a package of programs and policies, during which have undergone more than a decade of practical exploration. A truly large-scale labor force structural readjustment was made after the Central Government made a comprehensive deployment of the basic living guarantee and reemployment of laid-off workers from state-owned enterprises in 1998. In the past six years, the policy of encouraging mergers, standardizing bankruptcies, laying off workers, reducing staff work efficiency and implementing reemployment projects has been perfected through the policy of resettlement of workers and the exit of disadvantaged enterprises from the market. The total number of laid-off workers in state-owned enterprises has reached more than 28 million More than 18.9 million people have moved from the secondary industry to the tertiary industry and the reemployment from the state-owned enterprises to the non-public economy has basically completed the major restructuring of the labor force during the transition from a planned economy to a market economy, effectively boosting the state-owned Economic strategy