一、概论自有铁路以来,如何圓滿地解决客車供暖、通风問題,即引起各铁路主管部門的重視。第二次世界大战以后,由于客运量的增长和公路与铁路之間的激烈竞爭,这种重視更为增加了。所有铁路局,在过去和現在,都在不懈地致力于用經济的办法,給客車提供尽可能的舒适度。随着欧洲合作事业在各个領域中的发展,国际铁路联盟研究于1955年在荷兰成立一个 First, since the introduction of its own railway, how to satisfactorily solve the problem of passenger car heating and ventilation has aroused the attention of all railway authorities. After World War II, this emphasis increased even more because of the growth in passenger traffic and the intense competition between highways and railways. All railways, both in the past and now, are tirelessly committed to providing buses with the best possible comfort in an economical way. With the development of European cooperation in various fields, a study by the International Union of Railways was established in the Netherlands in 1955