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地膜覆盖技术得到普遍运用的同时也带来了严重的环境污染问题。大田作物覆盖地膜导致的地膜残留污染等问题已受到广泛关注,而大棚或温室等设施条件下地膜覆盖的残留污染问题鲜有研究。文章通过问卷调查与现场访谈相结合的方法,对中国典型设施蔬菜种植区进行了实地调查。调查结果表明,中国设施蔬菜种植区地膜残留情况总体上虽不十分严重,但仍需加强管理。地膜使用主要存在以下几个问题:地膜种类选择过于单一,可降解地膜使用率低;地膜厚度达标率低,超薄地膜使用广泛;废旧地膜处置不规范,随意扔掉和焚烧很多。针对以上问题,建议从禁止超薄地膜使用、加强残留监测和回收处置等方面,加强相关管理,有效防治地膜造成的污染。
Film mulching technology has been widely used, but also brought serious environmental pollution problems. The problem of residual filming caused by mulched film in field crops has drawn much attention. However, there are few researches on the residual pollution of mulching film under the greenhouse or greenhouse facilities. Through a combination of questionnaires and on-site interviews, the article conducted a field survey of vegetable growing areas with typical facilities in China. The survey results show that the overall situation of plastic film residue in the vegetable growing areas in China is not very serious but management is still needed to be strengthened. There are mainly the following problems with the use of the mulch: the choice of mulching type is too simple, the use rate of the degradable mulching film is low, the mulching film thickness is low, and the mulching film is widely used. The mulching film is not standardized and is discarded and incinerated at will. In view of the above problems, it is proposed to strengthen the relevant management from the aspects of prohibiting the use of ultra-thin plastic film and strengthening the monitoring and recovery of residuals, so as to effectively prevent and control the pollution caused by the plastic film.