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［目的］ 探讨大气污染对儿童健康的损害， 对某市不同大气污染区的儿童健康状况进行了调查， 同时对大气污染状况进行了现场监测。［方法］按整群抽样方法，于１９９８年３ 月在轻、重污染区随机抽取３００名小学生，１、６年级各半， 进行肺功能、免疫功能的测定。［结果］ 大气污染物仍以总悬浮颗粒物为主， 重污染区（１．０２ ｍｇ／ｍ ３）显著高于轻污染区（０．５９ ｍ ｇ／ｍ ３ ） （Ｐ＜ ０．０１）， 而二氧化硫浓度两地区未见显著差异。儿童肺功能调查结果显示最大肺活量在一年级男性之间差异显著（Ｐ＜ ０．０５），即重污染区儿童低于轻污染区。唾液中分泌型免疫球蛋白Ａ重污染区（７２．２５ μｇ／ｍＬ）显著低于轻污染区（９１．８６ μｇ／ｍ Ｌ）（Ｐ＜ ０．０１），而血清中免疫球蛋白Ｅ水平重污染区（１０３．２４ＩＵ／ｍ Ｌ）高于轻污染区（６４．２６ ＩＵ／ｍＬ）（Ｐ＜ ０．０１）。［结论］ 大气污染可降低机体的局部免疫力，并可导致血清ＩｇＥ水平增高， 说明重污染区大气中含有许多的致敏因子， 易引起哮喘等过敏性疾病的发生。
[Objective] To investigate the damage of air pollution to children’s health, investigate the health conditions of children in different air pollution areas in a city, and conduct on-site monitoring of the air pollution status. [Method] According to the cluster sampling method, 300 pupils were randomly selected in light and heavy polluted areas in March 1998, and the pupils in grades 1 and 6 were divided into two groups. The lung function and immune function were measured. [Result] The main pollutants of air pollution were still total suspended particulates. The heavy pollution area (1.02 mg / m 3) was significantly higher than that of the light pollution area (0.59 m g / m 3) (P <0.01) There was no significant difference between the two sulfur dioxide concentrations. The results of the Childhood Lung Function Survey showed that the maximum vital capacity differed significantly among the first-grade males (P <0.05), that is, the children in heavily-contaminated areas were lower than the light-contaminated areas. Salivary secreted immunoglobulin A heavy pollution area (72.25 μg / mL) was significantly lower than the light pollution area (91.86 μg / m L) (P <0.01), while the serum immunoglobulin E level The heavy pollution area (103.24 IU / m L) was higher than the light pollution area (64.26 IU / mL) (P <0.01). [Conclusion] Air pollution can reduce the local immunity of the body and lead to the increase of serum IgE level, which indicates that the air with heavy polluted area contains many sensitizing factors and easily causes allergic diseases like asthma.