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血糖生成指数是反映碳水化合物餐后血糖应答水平的特征性指数。测定各类碳水化合物的血糖生成指数,对于指导人们的日常膳食,改善糖尿病人、心脑血管病病人和肥胖者等的健康状况,具有重要的意义。现有的证据表明,影响食物血糖应答的因素很多,包括食物本身所具有的各种特征和机体自身的状态等。对这些因素的认识,有助于更有效地推广和应用血糖生成指数来指导人们的膳食,维护和改善人们,尤其是糖尿病和肥胖等慢性疾病患者的健康。本文综述了碳水化合物的消化吸收和利用过程中影响血糖应答的因素及其机制。
The glycemic index is a characteristic index that reflects the postprandial glycemic response of carbohydrates. Determination of various types of carbohydrate glycemic index for the guidance of people’s daily diet, improve diabetes, cardiovascular disease patients and obesity and other health conditions, is of great significance. The available evidence shows that there are many factors affecting the blood glucose response to food, including the various characteristics of the food itself and the status of the body itself. Awareness of these factors helps to promote and apply the glycemic index more effectively to guide people’s diet and to maintain and improve the health of people with chronic diseases such as diabetes and obesity. This article reviews the factors that affect glycemic response during carbohydrate digestion and absorption and their mechanisms.