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[目的]研究甘薯根系生物学性状的内在关系,了解其形成和分化规律。[方法]通过温室水培和田间调查相结合的方式,利用统计学方法研究了10个甘薯品种的根系性状。[结果]栽后10天,甘薯苗期根系的投影面积、表面积、平均直径和体积等形态性状贡献率最高且达80.56%;栽后20天,根平均直径的贡献率最高且达27.79%。收获后,单株块根总鲜重与倒三节、倒二节块根重量呈极显著正相关,与商品薯数呈显著正相关,与倒二节块根数呈显著负相关,与倒三节块根重量关联系数最高且达0.659 5。在栽后15天,苗期根系的投影面积、表面积和体积与单株块根总鲜重之间呈显著负相关;而在栽后25天,苗期根系干重与单株块根总鲜重之间呈显著正相关,苗期根干重、根体积、根长和根平均直径等性状与单株块根总鲜重关联度较大。栽后10天和20天可能是甘薯根系生长、分化的重要时间节点,节间长度和栽插深度影响产量形成,苗期根系生物学特性与收获后块根产量之间有直接关系。[结论]研究结果为甘薯标准化栽培和新品种培育提供理论支撑。
[Objective] The research aimed to study the inherent relationship of sweetpotato root biological traits and understand its formation and differentiation. [Method] The root traits of 10 sweetpotato cultivars were studied by statistical methods through the combination of greenhouse hydroponics and field investigation. [Result] Ten days after transplanting, the root, shoot area, average diameter and volume of sweet potato seedlings had the highest contribution rate of 80.56%. The average root diameter contribution rate reached 27.79% after 20 days. After harvest, the total fresh weight per plant root tuber weight was significantly positively correlated with the weight of the next three tuber and the next two tuber, significantly positively correlated with the potato tuber weight, negatively correlated with the tuberous tubercle root tuber weight, The highest coefficient is 0.659 5. At 15 days after transplanting, there was a significant negative correlation between the projected area, the surface area and the volume of root system at the seedling stage and the total fresh weight of the tuberous root. However, at 25 days after transplanting, There was a significant positive correlation between seedling root dry weight, root volume, root length and root mean diameter and other traits and plant root fresh weight greater relevance. Ten days and 20 days after transplanting could be an important time point for root growth and differentiation of sweet potato. The internode length and planting depth had a direct effect on the yield formation. The relationship between the root biological characteristics at seedling stage and tuber yield after harvest was directly related. [Conclusion] The results provided theoretical support for standardized cultivation of sweet potato and cultivation of new varieties.