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溶血尿毒综合征(HUS)是以微血管性溶血性贫血、血小板减少及急性肾衰竭为特征的一种综合征,是儿童急慢性肾衰竭最常见的原因之一。HUS的病因多样,发病机制仍不明确。积极预防有一定的作用,治疗方法主要包括对症支持处理及血液净化治疗,其中血液净化治疗是目前治疗HUS有效的方法。起病急、发展快、预后欠佳是其特点,且本病常见于儿童,因此临床医师特别是儿科医师应该对其分类、发病机制、病因、诊断、治疗、预后等有所了解。本文就HUS的流行病学资料、临床分型、发病机制及诊疗进展进行综述。
Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is a syndrome characterized by microvascular hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia and acute renal failure and is one of the most common causes of acute and chronic renal failure in children. The etiology of HUS varies, the pathogenesis is still not clear. Active prevention has a certain role. The treatment methods mainly include symptomatic supportive treatment and blood purification treatment, and blood purification treatment is an effective method for treating HUS. Rapid onset, rapid development, poor prognosis is its characteristics, and the disease common in children, so clinicians, especially pediatricians should be classified, pathogenesis, etiology, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis and so understand. This article summarizes the epidemiological data, clinical classification, pathogenesis and diagnosis and treatment progress of HUS.