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采用双因素裂区试验对夏玉米生长期的田间光照、田间杂草、产量及构成、LAI、根系等特性进行了研究,明确植株田间分布均匀度对夏玉米的生态效应影响。结果表明:随着植株田间分布均匀度的提高,玉米产量、收获穗数、穗粒数、最大LAI提高,冠层内的光截获增加,光透射减少;同时,杂草的种类、数量和鲜重均有减少趋势。随种植密度的增加,杂草减少效应更明显。低均匀度处理的穗位整齐度和株高整齐度较小,空株率较大,提高密度可使株高整齐度得到改善;低密度高均匀度处理的茎较粗;根数对密度和均匀度反应不明显。因此,适当提高种植均匀度和密度有利于提高玉米群体质量,有效利用自然资源,抑制杂草生长,改善玉米生长的生态环境,从而提高产量。
The field experiment was conducted to study the effects of field uniformity of plant field on the ecological effects of summer maize by using the double factor split test on the fields of summer maize growth, field weeds, yield and composition, LAI and root system. The results showed that with the improvement of plant uniformity, the yield of maize, the number of ears per ear, the number of grains per ear, the maximum LAI increased, the light intercepted in the canopy increased, and the light transmission decreased. At the same time, the species, Weight has a tendency to reduce. With the planting density increased, weed reduction effect is more obvious. Low uniform uniformity of ear position uniformity and plant uniformity is smaller, the empty plant rate, increasing the density can make plant height uniformity is improved; low density and high uniformity stem thicker; root number of density and Uniformity reaction is not obvious. Therefore, properly increasing planting evenness and density is conducive to improving the quality of maize population, effectively using natural resources, inhibiting the growth of weeds and improving the ecological environment of corn growth, thereby increasing the yield.