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清代末期出现了一批暴露社会黑暗、指责政治腐败的小说,鲁迅将之命名为“谴责小说”“”。鲁迅认为这类小说的出现是受“庚子事变”的刺激,是作家为迎合市民的不满政府所为的社会心理而作。由于鲁迅的权威地位,这已成为公论。但如果联系当时历史以及社会状况,会发现这其实是对“谴责小说”兴起原因的误解。“谴责小说”的兴起原因是多方面的。本文试以《官场现形记》为例,通过对以往分析谴责小说兴起原因的总结,提出自己的观点,探讨谴责小说兴起的真正原因。
In the late Qing Dynasty there appeared a series of novels that exposed social darkness and accused of political corruption. Lu Xun named it “Condemnation Novel”. Lu Xun believes that the emergence of these novels is stimulated by the “Geng Incident” and the social psychology of the writers who cater to the dissatisfaction of the citizens. Due to the authority of Lu Xun, this has become a public opinion. However, if we look at the historical and social conditions at that time, we can find that this is actually a misunderstanding of the reasons for the rise of “condemnation novels.” The reasons for the rise of “condemnation novels” are manifold. This article tries to take “officialdom” as an example, through the analysis of the reasons for the rise of the condemnation of the previous analysis, put forward my own point of view, to explore the real reason to condemn the rise of the novel.