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关于肿瘤的病毒病因问题是近十年多来实验肿瘤学研究领域中非常活跃的一个方面。虽然病毒致癌作用的原理还未最后阐明,但是病毒作为动物肿瘤发病的因子之一,已是完全肯定的事实。本文主要就肿瘤病毒的类型和特点(包括 RNA 及 DNA 肿瘤病毒)、肿瘤病毒传播途径及宿主范围,以及肿瘤病毒的致癌机理三个方面的内容进行了综述。特别是对肿瘤病毒的致癌机理从生物整体水平、细胞水平及分子水平等几方面的研究概况加以介绍。最后对有关 RNA 肿瘤病毒致癌机制的三个假说,即前病毒(Provirus)假说、致癌基因(Oncogene)假说及原生病毒(Protovirus)假说,作了扼要的概括与评述。
The problem of viral etiology of tumors is a very active aspect in the field of experimental oncology research for more than a decade. Although the principle of viral carcinogenesis has not yet been elucidated, the fact that the virus is one of the factors responsible for the onset of animal tumors is a fact that is completely certain. This article reviews the three aspects of the types and characteristics of tumor viruses (including RNA and DNA tumor viruses), tumor virus transmission pathways and host range, and the oncogenic mechanism of tumor viruses. In particular, the oncogenic mechanism of oncoviruses is described in terms of the overall biological level, cellular level, and molecular level. Finally, the three hypotheses about the oncogenic mechanism of RNA oncoviruses, the Provirus hypothesis, the Oncogene hypothesis, and the Protovirus hypothesis, are briefly summarized and reviewed.