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水稻轻型化栽培技术是我国南方双季稻区发展的重要方向。为深入比较和评估不同轻型栽培方式对土壤肥力的影响,本研究于2008年开始在中亚热带设置了耕作方式(深翻耕和浅旋耕)、秸秆还田与否和栽培方式(直播、抛秧和插秧)的田间试验,系统分析了水稻产量、土壤有机质和氮磷钾养分的变化规律。研究结果显示:耕作和栽培方式不会显著影响水稻产量变化;但秸秆还田后水稻产量比不还田增加1.6%~7.6%。在土壤培肥方面,不同栽培方式下土壤有机质和养分的变异较大,而浅旋耕和秸秆还田则能显著提高耕层土壤的有机质和速效养分。与深翻耕相比,浅旋耕方式下土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量分别提高了5.1%~11.5%、2.2%~10.4%、5.5%~29.2%、7.8%~22.1%。与秸秆不还田相比,秸秆还田处理的土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量分别增加了2.7%~6.6%、3.4%~5.5%、2.2%~5.0%、16.3%~49.3%。因此,浅旋耕和秸秆还田可以显著提高土壤肥力,且水稻产量稳定,在中亚热带地区具有很大的推广前景。
Light-weight rice cultivation technology is an important direction for the development of double-cropping rice in southern China. In order to further compare and evaluate the effects of different light-cultivation methods on soil fertility, the study started in mid-subtropical regions in 2008 to set up tillage methods (deep tillage and shallow tillage), straw returning or not and cultivation methods (direct seeding, tossing Seedlings and transplanting rice) field experiments, the changes of rice yield, soil organic matter and NPK nutrients were systematically analyzed. The results showed that the tillage and cultivation methods did not significantly affect the yield of rice; however, the yield of rice after returning straw to straw increased by 1.6% -7.6% than that of non-return straw. Soil fertility, soil organic matter and nutrients under different cultivation methods vary greatly, while the shallow rotation and straw returning soil can significantly improve the organic matter and available nutrients. Compared with deep tillage, the content of soil organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium increased by 5.1% ~ 11.5%, 2.2% ~ 10.4%, 5.5% ~ 29.2%, 7.8% ~ 22.1 %. Soil organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium increased by 2.7% ~ 6.6%, 3.4% ~ 5.5%, 2.2% ~ 5.0%, 16.3% ~ 49.3%. Therefore, shallow-tillage and straw returning can significantly increase soil fertility, and rice yield is stable, which has great promotion prospects in the subtropical region.