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从理论上说,垄断有三种表现形式:自然垄断、行政垄断和市场垄断。历史上,电力行业兼有自然垄断和行政垄断的特征。实行“政企分开”多年,行政垄断已经打破,但是,自然垄断还存在,所以,首先要打破自然垄断,将原运营模式拆分为可竞争环节与自然垄断环节,也就是说将发电与输、配电业务分开,建设完善的发电侧电力市场,在发电环节中引入市场竞争机制,公平竞争、竞价上网。 一、市场化进程中出现的问题 结合电力行业自身的特点和我国电力行业的现况,分析在建设发电侧电力市场过程中可能遇到以下几方面的问题。 1发展中国家的实际国情问题。目前,不断满足国民经济和社会发展对电力的需求,促进电力工业可持续发展,是我国的首要任务。这一阶段,要努力发展电力行业,满足未来快速增长的电力需求,同时兼顾效率问题。
In theory, there are three manifestations of monopoly: natural monopolies, administrative monopolies, and market monopolies. Historically, the power industry has the characteristics of natural monopoly and administrative monopoly. The implementation of “separation of government and enterprise” for many years, administrative monopoly has been broken, but natural monopoly still exists, so we must first break the natural monopoly, the original operating model will be divided into competitive links and natural monopoly links, that is to say, will generate electricity and lose Separation of power distribution business, construction of a sound power generation-side power market, introduction of market competition mechanisms in power generation, fair competition, and competitive bidding. First, the problems in the process of marketization Combining the characteristics of the power industry itself and the current situation of China’s power industry, the following issues may be encountered in the process of building a power generation-side power market. 1 The actual national conditions of developing countries. At present, it is China’s top priority to continue to meet the needs of the national economy and social development for electricity and promote the sustainable development of the power industry. At this stage, efforts should be made to develop the electric power industry to meet the rapidly growing demand for electric power in the future while taking into account efficiency issues.