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190 9年的美国第一次退款兴学 ,是近代中美关系史和中国近代留学史上的一件大事。就退款的过程来看 ,此次退款主要不是清朝驻美公使梁诚运动的结果 ,也非 1 90 5年抵制美货运动的结果 ,而是因为美国政府从赔款一开始就有退还的打算。将赔款用于兴学主要也是出于美方的意图 ,而非出于梁诚的倡议和清政府的自愿 ;其中 ,美国驻华公使柔克义起了重要作用。美国将退款用于兴学 ,一方面固然是从美国的长远利益出发 ,但同时在客观上促进了当时中国的改革和进步。因此 ,这是一件对中美两国都有利的事情 ,值得重新评价。
The first refunding of the United States in 1909 was a major event in the history of the Sino-American relations in modern times and the history of studying in modern China. The refunding process shows that the refunds were mainly not the result of the Liang Cheng campaign by the Qing delegation to the United States, nor the boycott of the U.S. campaign in 1905, but because the U.S. government refunded it from the very beginning intend. The use of reparations for the promotion of learning was mainly for the sake of the United States, not for the initiative of Liang Cheng and the voluntary government of the Qing government. Among them, the United States’ Resident Decree played an important role. On the one hand, the United States, of course, used the refund for the purpose of establishing learning from the long-term interests of the United States. At the same time, it objectively promoted the reform and progress of China at the time. Therefore, this is a matter that is beneficial to both China and the United States and merits reevaluation.