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必然与自由是哈贝马斯与马克思共同关注的理论主题,也因此导引出对人类根本解放问题的有区别的共识,区别的来源即是具有本质区别的自由观,即基于劳动和基于交往的对立,马克思强调人的自由在于解放生产力以及不断变革生产关系,哈贝马斯强调规范人们之间的交往行为从而达到理性的沟通与自由。可以看出,形成于晚期资本主义的哈贝马斯自由观从时代性上显然是对形成于早期资本主义社会的马克思自由观的一种发展。本文重点探讨哈贝马斯对马克思自由观的承继这一问题。
Necessity and freedom are the theoretical themes that Habermas and Marx pay attention to, and thus lead to a different consensus on the issue of fundamental emancipation of mankind. The difference between the two is that they have the essential distinction of freedom, namely, labor-based and interaction-based Marx stressed that human freedom lies in liberating the productive forces and constantly changing the relations of production. Habermas emphasizes the normative behavior of people so as to achieve rational communication and freedom. It can be seen that Habermas’s concept of freedom, formed in late capitalism, evidently is a development of Marx’s concept of freedom formed in the early capitalist society from a time. This article focuses on the issue of Habermas’s inheritance of Marx’s freedom.