前言无论在文学还是社会学概念中,“底层”一词都具有某种模糊性和不确定意味。类似的如“农民”“市民”或“中产阶级”等等,其作为社会学概念与文化概念均有很大不同,作为社会学概念都很正面,但作为文化概念的“小农”“小市民”等则具有贬义。在美国批评家丹尼尔·贝尔等人的概念中,“中产阶级”的文化概念也是庸俗、平庸的同义语。而“底层”在社会学和文化的范畴中,都比较一致,至少不是相反的。 Preface No matter in the concept of literature or sociology, the word “bottom” has some ambiguity and uncertainty. Such as “farmer ” “citizen ” or “middle class ” and so on, as a sociological concept and cultural concept are very different, as a sociological concept is positive, but as a cultural concept “Small farmers ” “small citizen ” and so have a derogatory. In the concept of American critic Daniel Bell and others, the cultural concept of “middle class” is also a vulgar and mediocre synonym. The “bottom” is more consistent in the sociological and cultural categories, at least not the opposite.