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目的:了解广州增城市2~12岁儿童睡眠状况及其影响因素。方法:2003年9~12月在广州增城市随机抽取1 099名儿童,在严格质控措施下由项目调查员对家长进行儿童睡眠状况问卷调查。结果:广州增城市2~12岁儿童的平均每天睡眠时间不足,儿童每天睡眠时间随儿童年龄的增大而逐渐减少(P<0.01),影响儿童睡眠时间的主要因素有年龄、睡眠姿势、睡眠障碍、瞌睡、入睡时间、哮喘。儿童睡眠障碍总发生率22.2%,其中睡眠时打呼噜发生率3.2%、喉头哽咽0.6%、呼吸暂停0.5%、睡眠不安4.6%、张口呼吸2.1%、多汗9.2%、肢体抽动1%、磨牙4.3%、梦话3.9%、梦游0.2%、遗尿3.2%,影响儿童睡眠障碍的主要因素包括身高、断奶时间、睡觉姿势、扁桃体炎史、鼻炎史、看护人吸烟史、父亲学历、母亲打鼾史。结论:广州增城市2~12岁儿童平均每日睡眠时间不足,睡眠障碍发生率较高,应引起儿科、儿保工作者及社会、家长的重视。造成儿童睡眠时间不足和睡眠障碍的影响因素较多,对其防治还须进一步深入研究。
Objective: To understand the sleep status and its influencing factors of children aged 2 ~ 12 in Zengcheng city of Guangzhou. Methods: From September to December 2003, 1,099 children were randomly selected in Zengcheng, Guangzhou. Under strict quality control measures, the project investigators conducted a questionnaire survey on their children’s sleep status. Results: The average daily sleep time of children aged 2 ~ 12 years in Zengcheng city of Guangzhou was not enough. The daily sleep time decreased gradually with the increase of children ’s age (P <0.01). The main factors influencing children’ s sleep time were age, sleep posture, sleep Obstacles, drowsiness, falling asleep, asthma. The total incidence of sleep disorders in children was 22.2%, including 3.2% of snoring during sleep, 0.6% of laryngeal choking, 0.5% of apnea, 4.6% of restless sleep, 2.1% of mouth breathing, 9.2% of hyperhidrosis, 1% of limb twitch, molars 4.3%, 3.9% of dreams, 0.2% of sleepwalking and 3.2% of enuresis. The main factors influencing children’s sleep disorder include height, weaning time, sleeping posture, history of tonsillitis, history of rhinitis, smoking history of guardians, father’s education and mother’s history of snoring. Conclusion: The average daily sleep time of children aged 2 ~ 12 in Zengcheng city, Guangzhou, and the high incidence of sleep disorders in Zengcheng city of Guangzhou should be taken seriously by pediatricians, child-care workers and the society and parents. As a result, there are many influencing factors for lack of sleep time and sleep disorders in children, and their prevention and treatment needs to be further studied.