一、前言随着我国社会主义建设不断发展,在材料试验机上广泛应用光学仪器来观察和测量。用光学仪器来进行直接测量试样的变形,较其他方法测量(如用千分表、差动变压器等)精度为高,因其免去了机械引伸杆的变形误差。但这种方法对光学仪器提出了特殊要求,即需要很长的工作距离。一般的蠕变试验机上试样至炉门的距离在100毫米以上。以前曾用上海光学仪器厂生产的高温金相显微镜,增加一目镜测 I. Preface As China’s socialist construction continues to develop, optical instruments are widely used in material testing machines to observe and measure. Optical instruments used to directly measure the deformation of the specimen, compared with other methods of measurement (such as using a dial gauge, differential transformer, etc.) for high precision, because it eliminates the mechanical extension rod deformation error. However, this method poses special requirements for optical instruments, which require a long working distance. General creep test machine to the sample door to the distance of 100 mm or more. Previously used high-temperature optical microscope produced by Shanghai Optical Instrument Factory, added an eyepiece