目的观察尿毒症患者的诱因及并存病对酸碱失衡的影响。方法同步检测153例住院尿毒症患者血气分析、电解质系列及肾功能。结果诱因及并存病在单纯代酸组、代酸呼酸组、代酸呼喊组、代酸代碱组四组中构成比为32．9％～100．0％。肺水肿、肺气肿及肺炎影响肺通气致呼酸，而心衰、急性支气管炎、发热等通气过度并呼碱，频繁呕吐或用速尿致低氯性代碱。结论有诱因及并存病者易致复合酸碱失衡。 Objective To investigate the causes of uremia patients and the impact of comorbidities on acid-base imbalance. Methods Simultaneous detection of blood gas analysis, electrolyte series and renal function in 153 inpatients with uremia. Results Incentives and comorbidities accounted for 32.9% -100.0% of the four groups in simple acid group, acid formate group, acid substitution group, and generation of alkali group. Pulmonary edema, emphysema and pneumonia affect lung ventilation induced acidosis, and heart failure, acute bronchitis, fever and other hyperventilation and exhalation, frequent vomiting or furosemide with hypochlorine generation of alkali. Conclusions There are incentives and coexisting patients prone to complex acid-base imbalance.