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目的了解深圳市宝安区幼托儿童因病缺课主要病因和症状及其流行病学特征,为制定针对性疾病防控措施提供科学依据。方法采用随机抽样的方法,抽取深圳市宝安区12所幼儿园5 173名托幼儿童进行因病缺课监测1学年,利用描述流行病学和分析流行病学的方法对监测资料进行统计分析。结果幼托儿童因病缺课9 516人次,缺课密度为183.96%;因病缺课20 317.5人天,缺课率为2.06%。男童因病缺课率为2.19%,女童为1.89%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=104.55,P<0.05)。小班因病缺课率为3.50%,中班为1.74%,大班为1.34%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=3 895.86,P<0.05)。因病缺课高发月份为5,6和10月,因病缺课率分别为2.74%,2.45%,2.26%。因病缺课的主要病因为感冒,构成比为75.90%;主要症状为呼吸道症状和发热,构成比分别为41.39%,38.50%。结论呼吸道传染病是幼儿园疾病防控的重点,小班是重点关注人群,秋冬和春夏交季是关键时期。应尽快开展幼托儿童健康监测工作。
Objective To understand the main causes, symptoms and epidemiological characteristics of preschool children in Bao’an District, Shenzhen, and to provide scientific evidence for the development of targeted disease prevention and control measures. Methods Random sampling method was used to select 5 173 children in kindergartens in Baoan District of Shenzhen City for monitoring for one year due to lack of schooling. The epidemiological and epidemiological methods were used to analyze the monitoring data. Results There were 9 516 absent attendances for child care leave and 183.96% absention due to illness. The absentee rate was 2.06% due to 20 317.5 days absence due to illness. The rate of absenteeism among boys was 2.19% and that of girls 1.89% (χ2 = 104.55, P <0.05). The absenteeism rate was 3.50% in small class, 1.74% in middle class and 1.34% in large class, the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 3895.86, P <0.05). High incidence of missed school due to illness in May and June and October, absenteeism rates were 2.74%, 2.45%, 2.26%. The main cause of absence due to illness is a cold, the constituent ratio of 75.90%; the main symptoms of respiratory symptoms and fever, the constituent ratios were 41.39%, 38.50%. Conclusions Respiratory infectious diseases are the focus of disease prevention and control in kindergarten. Small class is the focus of the crowd, autumn and winter and spring and summer is the key period. Health care for preschool children should be carried out as soon as possible.