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区划法(Zoning act或Zoning law)是西方许多国家的地方政府用法律手段来管理城市土地利用和建设的一种规划,美国用区划法来控制城市的土地利用已有七十多年的历史。从工业革命开始到功能分区理论的产生,城市的主要问题是环境问题,是工业带来的污染及人口集聚造成的环境卫生质量下降。为了改善这一情况,这一时期应着重考虑功能如何分离的问题。1916年由纽约市首先实施为了解决曼哈顿地区越来越突出的建筑密度问题,争取人行道上的阳光和空气,以维护公众的健康和安全而出现对建筑某一高度上退后(Setback)的规定而形成了区划法。第一次将私有土地的利用纳入了由城市规划控制的、有秩序发展的轨道。七十多年来,美国的城、镇、县都采用区划法来控制城市土地的开发,达到经济、社会和美学的目的,是区划法的合法
The Zoning Act or Zoning Law is a plan for local governments in many western countries to use legal means to manage urban land use and construction. The United States uses zoning laws to control urban land use for more than 70 years. From the beginning of the industrial revolution to the generation of functional zoning theory, the main problem of the city is the environmental problem, which is the pollution brought by industry and the decline in the quality of environmental sanitation caused by population concentration. In order to improve this situation, the issue of how to separate functions should be considered during this period. In 1916, the City of New York first implemented the Setback for building heights in order to solve the increasingly prominent building density problem in Manhattan and fight for sunlight and air on the sidewalks to safeguard public health and safety. A zoning method has been formed. For the first time, the use of private land was incorporated into the orderly development track controlled by urban planning. For more than 70 years, cities, towns, and counties in the United States have adopted zoning laws to control the development of urban land, achieving economic, social, and aesthetic goals, and are legal for zoning laws.