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On April 23， 2014，Japan Partisan Parliamentary Union held a meeting to discuss the institutionalization of the countermeasures against “karoshi” and “suicides caused by over-fatigue” as the death toll caused by “karoshi” remains very high. In Japan， about 10，000 people die of “karoshi” every year. According to the survey statistics of the WHO， in US， UK， Japan， and Australia， “karoshi” is somewhat popular. At present， more and more young people and social elites are under the threat of “karoshi”. It becomes an issue we have to face seriously. Is “karoshi” a disease or a poison？ Why can it kill people mysteriously？
2014年4月23日，日本超党派议员联盟举行会谈，商讨把预防“过劳死”和“过劳自杀”的对策法制化。之所以有此举措，是由于近年来日本“过劳死”、“过劳自杀”的人数居高不下。在日本，每年约有1万人因“过劳”而猝死。根据世界卫生组织调查统计，在美国、英国、日本、澳大利亚等地都有“过劳死”流行率记载。在中国，每年因“过劳”死亡的人数多达60万人。如今，当越来越多的青年人、社会精英因其受到死亡的威胁时，“过劳死”这一概念成为人们不得不认真面对的问题。“过劳死”究竟是疾病？还是毒药？它何以能致人于死地呢？
The origin of “Karoshi”
“过劳死”溯源
“Karoshi” came from Japanese and emerged in 1970-1980 when Japan’s economy was booming. It refers to the “sub-health” condition caused by long working time， overwork， and excessive psychological pressure. However， ingrained habits cannot be cast off overnight. The potential risks of the human body can be triggered anytime， and once the medical treatment is not timely， human life is endangered.
In the recent 15 years， “karoshi” was officially adopted by the medical community. “‘Karoshi’ is not a disease， nor a clinical term. It belongs to the scope of social medicine. The patients of ‘karoshi’ all have some sort of fundamental diseases， such as coronary disease， hypertension， and cerebrovascular malformation. ‘karoshi’ is usually caused by the untimely and inappropriate treatment of the fundamental diseases ， plus the self-ignorance of healthy condition. Working pressure， over-fatigue， and stress response are usually ‘the last straw to break the camel’”， said the Vice Professor of the Emergency Department of Xiangya No.2 Hospital， Central South University， Chai Xiangping.
“过劳死”源自日语Karoshi，最早出现于二十世纪七八十年代的日本经济繁荣时期。意指因为工作时间过长，劳动强度过重，心理压力过大，从而出现精疲力尽的“亚健康”状态。往往由于积重难返，将突然引发身体潜在的疾病急性恶化，一旦救治不及时便危及生命。
直到近15年来，“过劳死”一词才被医学界正式命名。“‘过劳死’并不是一种病，也不是临床医学病名，而是属于社会医学范畴。‘过劳死’患者必然都有基础疾病，如冠心病、高血压、脑血管畸形等。‘过劳死’大多是对原有疾病没有进行正确或及时治疗，再加上自己对身体症状的轻视或忽视，最终酿成惨剧。工作压力、过度劳累、紧张应激只是压垮骆驼的最后一根稻草。”中南大学湘雅二医院急诊科柴湘平副教授表示。
In order to let the public understand this term better， experts compare human body to a spring and the fatigue is external force. When the fatigue exceeds the limit or lasts for too long， the spring of human body will be deformed permanently， which leads to the reduction of immunity， ageing， exhaustion， and even death. Relevant data show that the five diseases that cause “karoshi” directly are， in order： coronary artery disease， aortic aneurysm， valvular disease， myocardiosis， and cerebral hemorrhage. Apart from those， digestive system diseases， renal failure， and infectious diseases can also lead to “karoshi”. Chinese media used to report the “karoshi” of white-collar class in Japan in 1980s from the perspective of bystanders. However， they didn’t realize that “karoshi” can expand to China like a plague.
为了让公众更好的理解该词，专家将人的身体比喻为一个弹簧，而劳累就是外力。当劳累超过极限或持续时间过长时，身体这个弹簧就会发生永久变形，免疫力大大下降，导致老化、衰竭甚至死亡。相关资料表明，直接促成“过劳死”的5种疾病依次为：冠状动脉疾病、主动脉瘤、心瓣膜病、心肌病和脑出血。除此以外，消化系统疾病、肾衰竭、感染性疾病也会导致“过劳死”。
对于20世纪80年代时期日本白领阶层的“过劳死”现象，中国媒体曾经以旁观者的姿态大量报道过。然而，未曾想“过劳死”就如同瘟疫一般，迅速蔓延到中国职场。
China becomes the largest victim of “karoshi”
中国成“过劳死”第一大国
Last year， a world well-known office solutions provider -- Regus released survey data， which reflect that China is the most stressful country in the world. Among 16，000 professionals from 80 countries who believed the pressure in this year is heavier than that of last year， mainland China was at the first place by 75%. It was much higher than the global average 48%； Hong Kong took up 55%， ranked the fourth； Shanghai， Beijing also ranked in the front by 80% and 67% respectively. The first three reasons of over-fatigue were “work”， “personal financial situation”， and “pressure from the boss” in the survey. In many industries， practitioners of manufacture， finance， education， media， and law were the top five of health overdraft. The huge work pressure made China become the biggest victim of “karoshi” -- the death toll caused by “karoshi” reached 600，000.
去年，一家世界知名办公方案提供商——雷格斯发布的一项统计数据显示，中国是目前世界上压力最大的国家。在全球80个国家和地区的1.6万名职场人士中，认为压力高于去年的，中国大陆位居首位，占到75%，这大大超出全球的平均值48%；香港地区占55%，位列第四；上海、北京更以80%、67%排在其他城市前列。对于导致压力过大的原因，“工作”、“个人经济状况”、“来自老板的压力”排在调查结果的前三位。在诸多行业中，制造、金融、教育、媒体、法律从业者对健康的透支情况位居前五位。巨大的工作压力导致中国超越了日本，成为“过劳死”第一大国——每年“过劳死”的人数达60万人。这样算来，中国每天约超过1600人因劳累引发疾病而离开人世。
“Karoshi” targets on youths and elites
“过劳死”盯向青年、精英
At 10： 29 a.m.， February 17， 2014， 35-year-old administrative staff of IBM in Shenzhen Liang Yan fell on the steps of Exit C of Shenzhen Subway Shuiwan Station. This was another shocking case of young white-collar’s sudden death after the previous case of Pan Jie， a junior auditor from Price Waterhouse Coopers. However， there are more cases like those.
On April 8， 2005， CEO of Ericsson （China） Co.， Ltd Yang Mai died of sudden cardiac arrest， at the age of 54.
On June 25， 2011， 23-year-old employee of Foxconn Chen Long died suddenly in shower.
In November， 2011， Lin Haitao， who had worked in Baidu Company for only 4 month， died of cardiac failure.
On May 15， 2013， a 24-year-old employee of a game information website affiliated to SOHU died of heart attack on his way to work. ……
2014年2月17日上午10点29分，35岁的IBM深圳公司管理人员梁娅倒在深圳地铁蛇口线水湾站C出口的台阶上。这是继普华永道上海办事处的初级审计员潘洁猝死之后，又一个轰动一时的都市年轻白领突然死亡的案例。然而，员工的突然死亡远非这一两个案例。
2004年4月8日，爱立信（中国）有限公司总裁杨迈由于心脏骤停突然逝世，享年54岁。
2011年6月25日，富士康的23岁员工陈龙于洗澡时猝死。
2011年11月，在百度公司上岗仅四个月的林海韬因心脏衰竭而亡。
2013年5月15日，一名就职于搜狐旗下一家游戏资讯网站的24岁员工在上班途中突发心脏疾病去世。
……
Cheng Qing， a doctor in the Emergency Department of Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Region， said frankly that 10 years ago， sudden deaths usually happened to middle-aged or elder people who were over 50. However， in recent years， as the living pressure of people is increasing， sudden deaths happened to youth a lot more often. In 1998， about 80 youths’ sudden deaths were transferred and treated by Beijing “120”. In 2011， this number reached 270， increasing by 3.375 times， with 25% up in average every year. The general survey of Chinese youth’s physical conditions shows that， at present， 82.2% of people are in or near the state of “over-fatigue”； 66.8% of people said they had experienced sorts of indispositions and in a state of “sub-health”； 78.6% of people have come across or heard of some incurable diseases or sudden deaths happen to their young friends， colleagues or peers； only 3.6% of people had never had any conditions of “sub-health”； only 7.8% of people didn’t have signs of any kind of disease； and only 21.1% of people were satisfied with their current physical and psychological health.
The sudden deaths of people who are still in adolescence or golden age of career are due to “karoshi”. Although it’s still controversial， it’s still worth our attention that they all overworked and bear excessive working pressure before they died.
对此，广州军区武汉总医院急诊科程青坦言，十年前，医院接诊的猝死者几乎都是50岁以上的中老年人。但近几年，随着人们生活压力的加大，年轻人猝死的越来越多。1998 年，北京120转运救治的青年猝死者只有80多名。而到了2011年，这一数字已经上升为270多名，13年时间上升了3.375倍，平均每年上升25%。中国中青年人身体健康状况大调查数据显示，目前，82.2%人已处于或正接近“过劳”状态；66.8%表示自己身体有各种各样的毛病或是正处于“亚健康”状态；78.6%的人在近一年来碰到或听说过有年轻亲朋、同事或同行得了不治之症或猝死；仅3.6%的人从未出现过任何“亚健康”状况；仅7.8%的人没有任何疾病或疾病征兆；只有21.1%的人对自己目前的身心健康状况感到满意。
对于那些处于青年期或事业黄金期的人突然死亡，很多人在扼腕叹息之余将其归结为“过劳死”。尽管有人对此存有争议，但值得注意的是，他们在离世之前，都曾有过工作时间过长、劳动强度过重、工作压力过大、身心都在透支等经历。
2014年4月23日，日本超党派议员联盟举行会谈，商讨把预防“过劳死”和“过劳自杀”的对策法制化。之所以有此举措，是由于近年来日本“过劳死”、“过劳自杀”的人数居高不下。在日本，每年约有1万人因“过劳”而猝死。根据世界卫生组织调查统计，在美国、英国、日本、澳大利亚等地都有“过劳死”流行率记载。在中国，每年因“过劳”死亡的人数多达60万人。如今，当越来越多的青年人、社会精英因其受到死亡的威胁时，“过劳死”这一概念成为人们不得不认真面对的问题。“过劳死”究竟是疾病？还是毒药？它何以能致人于死地呢？
The origin of “Karoshi”
“过劳死”溯源
“Karoshi” came from Japanese and emerged in 1970-1980 when Japan’s economy was booming. It refers to the “sub-health” condition caused by long working time， overwork， and excessive psychological pressure. However， ingrained habits cannot be cast off overnight. The potential risks of the human body can be triggered anytime， and once the medical treatment is not timely， human life is endangered.
In the recent 15 years， “karoshi” was officially adopted by the medical community. “‘Karoshi’ is not a disease， nor a clinical term. It belongs to the scope of social medicine. The patients of ‘karoshi’ all have some sort of fundamental diseases， such as coronary disease， hypertension， and cerebrovascular malformation. ‘karoshi’ is usually caused by the untimely and inappropriate treatment of the fundamental diseases ， plus the self-ignorance of healthy condition. Working pressure， over-fatigue， and stress response are usually ‘the last straw to break the camel’”， said the Vice Professor of the Emergency Department of Xiangya No.2 Hospital， Central South University， Chai Xiangping.
“过劳死”源自日语Karoshi，最早出现于二十世纪七八十年代的日本经济繁荣时期。意指因为工作时间过长，劳动强度过重，心理压力过大，从而出现精疲力尽的“亚健康”状态。往往由于积重难返，将突然引发身体潜在的疾病急性恶化，一旦救治不及时便危及生命。
直到近15年来，“过劳死”一词才被医学界正式命名。“‘过劳死’并不是一种病，也不是临床医学病名，而是属于社会医学范畴。‘过劳死’患者必然都有基础疾病，如冠心病、高血压、脑血管畸形等。‘过劳死’大多是对原有疾病没有进行正确或及时治疗，再加上自己对身体症状的轻视或忽视，最终酿成惨剧。工作压力、过度劳累、紧张应激只是压垮骆驼的最后一根稻草。”中南大学湘雅二医院急诊科柴湘平副教授表示。
In order to let the public understand this term better， experts compare human body to a spring and the fatigue is external force. When the fatigue exceeds the limit or lasts for too long， the spring of human body will be deformed permanently， which leads to the reduction of immunity， ageing， exhaustion， and even death. Relevant data show that the five diseases that cause “karoshi” directly are， in order： coronary artery disease， aortic aneurysm， valvular disease， myocardiosis， and cerebral hemorrhage. Apart from those， digestive system diseases， renal failure， and infectious diseases can also lead to “karoshi”. Chinese media used to report the “karoshi” of white-collar class in Japan in 1980s from the perspective of bystanders. However， they didn’t realize that “karoshi” can expand to China like a plague.
为了让公众更好的理解该词，专家将人的身体比喻为一个弹簧，而劳累就是外力。当劳累超过极限或持续时间过长时，身体这个弹簧就会发生永久变形，免疫力大大下降，导致老化、衰竭甚至死亡。相关资料表明，直接促成“过劳死”的5种疾病依次为：冠状动脉疾病、主动脉瘤、心瓣膜病、心肌病和脑出血。除此以外，消化系统疾病、肾衰竭、感染性疾病也会导致“过劳死”。
对于20世纪80年代时期日本白领阶层的“过劳死”现象，中国媒体曾经以旁观者的姿态大量报道过。然而，未曾想“过劳死”就如同瘟疫一般，迅速蔓延到中国职场。
China becomes the largest victim of “karoshi”
中国成“过劳死”第一大国
Last year， a world well-known office solutions provider -- Regus released survey data， which reflect that China is the most stressful country in the world. Among 16，000 professionals from 80 countries who believed the pressure in this year is heavier than that of last year， mainland China was at the first place by 75%. It was much higher than the global average 48%； Hong Kong took up 55%， ranked the fourth； Shanghai， Beijing also ranked in the front by 80% and 67% respectively. The first three reasons of over-fatigue were “work”， “personal financial situation”， and “pressure from the boss” in the survey. In many industries， practitioners of manufacture， finance， education， media， and law were the top five of health overdraft. The huge work pressure made China become the biggest victim of “karoshi” -- the death toll caused by “karoshi” reached 600，000.
去年，一家世界知名办公方案提供商——雷格斯发布的一项统计数据显示，中国是目前世界上压力最大的国家。在全球80个国家和地区的1.6万名职场人士中，认为压力高于去年的，中国大陆位居首位，占到75%，这大大超出全球的平均值48%；香港地区占55%，位列第四；上海、北京更以80%、67%排在其他城市前列。对于导致压力过大的原因，“工作”、“个人经济状况”、“来自老板的压力”排在调查结果的前三位。在诸多行业中，制造、金融、教育、媒体、法律从业者对健康的透支情况位居前五位。巨大的工作压力导致中国超越了日本，成为“过劳死”第一大国——每年“过劳死”的人数达60万人。这样算来，中国每天约超过1600人因劳累引发疾病而离开人世。
“Karoshi” targets on youths and elites
“过劳死”盯向青年、精英
At 10： 29 a.m.， February 17， 2014， 35-year-old administrative staff of IBM in Shenzhen Liang Yan fell on the steps of Exit C of Shenzhen Subway Shuiwan Station. This was another shocking case of young white-collar’s sudden death after the previous case of Pan Jie， a junior auditor from Price Waterhouse Coopers. However， there are more cases like those.
On April 8， 2005， CEO of Ericsson （China） Co.， Ltd Yang Mai died of sudden cardiac arrest， at the age of 54.
On June 25， 2011， 23-year-old employee of Foxconn Chen Long died suddenly in shower.
In November， 2011， Lin Haitao， who had worked in Baidu Company for only 4 month， died of cardiac failure.
On May 15， 2013， a 24-year-old employee of a game information website affiliated to SOHU died of heart attack on his way to work. ……
2014年2月17日上午10点29分，35岁的IBM深圳公司管理人员梁娅倒在深圳地铁蛇口线水湾站C出口的台阶上。这是继普华永道上海办事处的初级审计员潘洁猝死之后，又一个轰动一时的都市年轻白领突然死亡的案例。然而，员工的突然死亡远非这一两个案例。
2004年4月8日，爱立信（中国）有限公司总裁杨迈由于心脏骤停突然逝世，享年54岁。
2011年6月25日，富士康的23岁员工陈龙于洗澡时猝死。
2011年11月，在百度公司上岗仅四个月的林海韬因心脏衰竭而亡。
2013年5月15日，一名就职于搜狐旗下一家游戏资讯网站的24岁员工在上班途中突发心脏疾病去世。
……
Cheng Qing， a doctor in the Emergency Department of Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Region， said frankly that 10 years ago， sudden deaths usually happened to middle-aged or elder people who were over 50. However， in recent years， as the living pressure of people is increasing， sudden deaths happened to youth a lot more often. In 1998， about 80 youths’ sudden deaths were transferred and treated by Beijing “120”. In 2011， this number reached 270， increasing by 3.375 times， with 25% up in average every year. The general survey of Chinese youth’s physical conditions shows that， at present， 82.2% of people are in or near the state of “over-fatigue”； 66.8% of people said they had experienced sorts of indispositions and in a state of “sub-health”； 78.6% of people have come across or heard of some incurable diseases or sudden deaths happen to their young friends， colleagues or peers； only 3.6% of people had never had any conditions of “sub-health”； only 7.8% of people didn’t have signs of any kind of disease； and only 21.1% of people were satisfied with their current physical and psychological health.
The sudden deaths of people who are still in adolescence or golden age of career are due to “karoshi”. Although it’s still controversial， it’s still worth our attention that they all overworked and bear excessive working pressure before they died.
对此，广州军区武汉总医院急诊科程青坦言，十年前，医院接诊的猝死者几乎都是50岁以上的中老年人。但近几年，随着人们生活压力的加大，年轻人猝死的越来越多。1998 年，北京120转运救治的青年猝死者只有80多名。而到了2011年，这一数字已经上升为270多名，13年时间上升了3.375倍，平均每年上升25%。中国中青年人身体健康状况大调查数据显示，目前，82.2%人已处于或正接近“过劳”状态；66.8%表示自己身体有各种各样的毛病或是正处于“亚健康”状态；78.6%的人在近一年来碰到或听说过有年轻亲朋、同事或同行得了不治之症或猝死；仅3.6%的人从未出现过任何“亚健康”状况；仅7.8%的人没有任何疾病或疾病征兆；只有21.1%的人对自己目前的身心健康状况感到满意。
对于那些处于青年期或事业黄金期的人突然死亡，很多人在扼腕叹息之余将其归结为“过劳死”。尽管有人对此存有争议，但值得注意的是，他们在离世之前，都曾有过工作时间过长、劳动强度过重、工作压力过大、身心都在透支等经历。