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中华鲟面临严重的种群资源问题,明确中华鲟产卵场的水流特性可为产卵场修复和自然种群挽救提供更准确合理的技术参数。研究运用流体力学软件Fluent模拟葛洲坝坝下中华鲟产卵场产卵时期的三维水流过程,分析流速、涡量、湍动能等水力学参数在产卵场不同功能区内的变化规律和取值范围。结果表明:不同功能区水力学参数的取值范围不同,对比各取值范围发现底层流速基本满足产卵受精区>播卵区>着卵孵化区,而播卵区的流速垂向变化幅度总体大于产卵受精区;涡量基本满足播卵区>产卵受精区>着卵孵化区;湍动激烈区基本位于水体的上中层,底层湍动能在各功能区变化不大,特别是着卵孵化区的湍动能没有明显区别于播卵区。葛洲坝坝下产卵场水流状况不是特别有利于中华鲟卵的受精散播和附着孵化,为了进一步明确中华鲟产卵繁殖的水流特性,需要继续开展大量的模拟、对比分析工作。
Chinese sturgeon faces serious problem of population resources. It is clear that the current characteristics of spawning ground of Chinese sturgeon can provide more accurate and reasonable technical parameters for spawning site restoration and natural population rescue. The study uses three-dimensional hydrodynamic software Fluent to simulate the three-dimensional water flow during the spawning period of the spawning ground of the Chinese sturgeon under the dam of Gezhouba Dam. The variation regularity and range of the hydraulic parameters such as flow velocity, vorticity and turbulent kinetic energy in different functional areas of the spawning ground . The results show that the range of hydraulic parameters in different functional zones is different. Comparing with each range of values, it is found that the bottom flow rate basically satisfies the fertilized area> the sowing area> the egg hatching area, whereas the vertical variation of the sowing area Is larger than that in the spawning area; vorticity basically meets the sowing area> spawning area> the egg hatching area; the area with intense turbulence is basically located in the upper middle layer of the water body and the turbulent kinetic energy in the bottom layer does not change much in each functional area, Hatching zone turbulent kinetic energy is not significantly different from the sow area. Gezhouba dam spawning groundwater flow conditions are not particularly beneficial to the sturgeon fertilization sowing and attachment of hatching, in order to further clarify the sturgeon spawning reproductive water flow characteristics need to continue to carry out a large number of simulation and comparative analysis.