[目的]探讨纳米级炭黑颗粒的小鼠亚急性吸入毒性效应,为纳米级炭黑危险性评价提供毒理学数据。[方法]8周龄雄性C57BL/6小鼠分为低质量浓度(后称“浓度”)组(15 mg/m~3)、高浓度组(30 mg/m~3)和阴性对照组(滤过空气)。通过气溶胶发生器将纳米级炭黑吹入染毒柜中,每天染毒6 h,连续染毒28 d。染毒期间,动态监测染毒柜内炭黑颗粒的空气动力学直径、颗粒的空间分布及浓度变化。末次染毒后24 h,取静脉血进行血液学及临床生化检查;采集心、肺、肝、脾、肾等脏器组织,称重后计算脏器系数,并行组织病理学检查;支气管灌洗肺组织后,镜下对灌洗液中细胞进行分类计数并测定总蛋白浓度。[结果]染毒28 d期间,低浓度组炭黑浓度约为(15.31±3.30)mg/m~3,高浓度组为(30.05±14.20)mg/m~3。与对照组相比,各组小鼠染毒期间饲料和水的消耗量及其体重变化差异均无统计学意义。与对照组相比,各浓度组染毒小鼠血生化指标未见明显变化,而血常规指标中仅红细胞计数、血红蛋白浓度和红细胞比容在染毒组中略有增加(P<0.01或P<0.05)。高浓度组小鼠肺脏器系数高于低浓度组和对照组(P=0.016),各浓度组心、肾脏器系数降低(P=0.001,P<0.01)。病理检查可见各浓度组小鼠肺组织呈灰黑色,支气管腔、肺泡腔内均可见炭黑颗粒物沉积,肺间质可见吞噬炭黑颗粒的巨噬细胞,且高浓度组炭黑颗粒沉积更多;浓度组小鼠肺组织损伤病理评分分别为(6.63±1.13)和(9.80±0.38),明显高于对照组(1.66±0.55)。与对照组相比,低、高浓度组肺泡灌洗液中总细胞数、淋巴细胞数、中性粒细胞数和嗜酸性粒细胞数均明显增加(均P<0.01)。[结论]28 d反复吸入纳米级炭黑主要引发小鼠肺组织损伤,本结果也可为开展纳米级炭黑肺毒性研究提供较为理想的模型和可靠的分析手段。 [Objective] To investigate the subacute inhalation toxic effects of nanoscale carbon black particles in mice and provide toxicology data for the evaluation of nanoscale carbon black risk. [Method] Eight-week-old male C57BL / 6 mice were divided into low concentration group (15 mg / m 3), high concentration group (30 mg / m 3) and negative control Group (filtered air). The nanosized carbon black was blown into the poisoning cabinet through an aerosol generator and was exposed to 6 h daily for 28 d. During the exposure, the aerodynamic diameter of the carbon black particles in the toxin cabinet, the spatial distribution of the particles and the concentration change were dynamically monitored. Blood samples were taken for hematology and clinical biochemistry examination 24 h after the last exposure. The tissues of heart, lung, liver, spleen and kidney were collected and weighed to calculate the organ coefficient and histopathological examination. Bronchial lavage After lung tissue, the cells in the lavage fluid were counted under a microscope and the total protein concentration was determined. [Result] The concentration of carbon black in the low concentration group was (15.31 ± 3.30) mg / m ~ 3 and that in the high concentration group was (30.05 ± 14.20) mg / m ~ 3 during the 28 d exposure. Compared with the control group, there was no significant difference in the consumption of dietary and water and body weight between the groups during the exposure period. Compared with the control group, there was no significant change in the blood biochemical parameters of the mice in each concentration group, while only the red blood cell count, the hemoglobin concentration and the hematocrit in the blood routine indexes increased slightly (P <0.01 or P < 0.05). The coefficient of pulmonary organs in high concentration group was higher than that in low concentration group and control group (P = 0.016). The coefficient of heart and kidney in each concentration group decreased (P = 0.001, P <0.01). Pathological examination showed that the lung tissue of mice in each concentration group was gray-black, the deposition of carbon black particles was visible in the bronchial lumen and alveolar space, the macrophages engulfing the carbon black particles were seen in the lung interstitium, and the carbon black particles were more deposited in the high-concentration group The pathological scores of lung tissue in the concentration group were (6.63 ± 1.13) and (9.80 ± 0.38), respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the control group (1.66 ± 0.55). Compared with the control group, the total number of cells, the number of lymphocytes, the number of neutrophils and the number of eosinophils in the alveolar lavage fluid of low and high concentration group were significantly increased (all P <0.01). [Conclusion] The repeated inhalation of nanoscale carbon black on day 28 mainly induces the lung tissue damage in mice. The results may also provide an ideal model and a reliable analytical tool for the research on nanoscale carbon black lung toxicity.