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目的了解安阳市2008年麻疹流行病学特征和麻疹疫苗(MV)强化免疫控制麻疹流行的效果,为麻疹防控提供依据。方法对安阳市2008年麻疹病例进行描述流行病分析及对2009年1月MV强化免疫效果进行分析。结果2008年安阳市麻疹发病率为16.50/10万。<10岁儿童病例占总病例的84.11%,<2岁儿童病例占总病例的54.86%。8月龄~10岁儿童无免疫史者占同年龄病例的54.75%。实施MV强化免疫,共接种301 389人次,快速评估接种率为100%。结论无MV免疫史致使易感人群的大量积累,是造成麻疹疫情流行的根本原因。保持高的常规免疫接种率,保持高的免疫成功率,适时开展MV强化免疫,以及敏感的麻疹监测系统是加速控制麻疹的主要措施。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of measles in 2008 in Anyang City and the measles epidemic effect of measles vaccine (MV) in order to provide basis for prevention and control of measles. Methods Epidemiological analysis of measles cases in Anyang in 2008 and analysis of the effect of MV enhancement in January 2009 were carried out. Results The incidence of measles in Anyang in 2008 was 16.50 / 100,000. Children <10 years old accounted for 84.11% of the total cases, <2 years old children accounted for 54.86% of the total cases. Eight months old to 10 years old children without immunization history accounted for 54.75% of the same age cases. A total of 301 389 inoculations were conducted with intensive immunization of MVs and a rapid assessment of vaccination coverage was 100%. Conclusion There is no history of MV immunization resulting in a large accumulation of susceptible populations, which is the root cause of the epidemic of measles. Maintaining a high rate of routine immunization, maintaining a high rate of immunization success, timely implementation of MV-enhanced immunity, and sensitive measles surveillance systems are the main measures to speed up measles control.