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1型糖尿病(type 1 diabetes mellitus，T1DM)是一种自身免疫性疾病，其特点是免疫介导的胰岛β细胞破坏，从而导致终生依赖外源性胰岛素。T1DM的具体发病机制至今尚未完全明确，目前主要认为是遗传及环境因素的共同影响。T1DM的发生、发展、治疗及预防都是亟待解决的课题。近年大量研究发现，维生素D参与了诸多自身免疫性疾病的病理生理过程，其与细胞的增殖、分化及凋亡等机制密切相关，其中有许多研究表明维生素D可能在T1DM的发生、发展、治疗及预防中具有关键作用。该文将对维生素D与T1DM的发病及防治进行综述。“,”Type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM)is a chronic, immune-mediated disease characterised by the destruction of insulin-producing cells.The specific pathogenesis of T1DM has not been clarified.It is mainly believed that the occurrence of T1DM is caused by the joint action of genetic and environmental factors.The occurrence, development, treatment and prevention of T1DM are urgent problems to be solved.A number of studies have found that vitamin D is involved in the pathological process of many autoimmune diseases and is related to cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and other mechanisms.Vitamin D may play a key role in the pathological mechanism of T1DM.Here we review the relationship between the incidence, prevention and treatment of T1DM and vitamin D.