在一个国家,如果没有任何腐败,或者腐败非常轻微,就不会有反腐败,也不会有腐败成本与反腐败成本之讨论,更不会有腐败收益与反腐败收益的说法了。在一个完全腐败的国家,腐败本身就是普遍的,而且为人们所广为认可,并且很可能已经普遍制度化了,这时虽然有普遍的腐败,但大家很可能认 In a country where there is no corruption or corruption is very slight, there will be no anti-corruption, no discussion of the cost of corruption and the cost of anti-corruption, and there will be no explanation for the proceeds of corruption and the benefits of anti-corruption. In a totally corrupt country, corruption is pervasive and widely accepted by people and is likely to have been largely institutionalized, although it is commonplace to corrupt at this time, but most likely