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土地财政为地方政府提供部分收入来源的同时,快速推动了城镇化进程,地方政府需要拿出一部分财政支出直接或间接用于支付城镇化成本。但是,城镇化质量并不与地方财政能力成正比,而要结合支出结构及地区特征来看。运用2003~2013年地级及以上城市的数据,对地方财政能力与城镇化质量的关系进行实证检验发现:(1)无论以人均支出还是单位GDP支出来衡量地方财政能力,该变量都对城镇化质量有抑制作用;(2)东部地区财政能力对城镇化质量的负面作用比中西部地区更明显;(3)科教支出比重越高,则财政能力对城镇化质量的抑制作用将相对弱化。因此,我国应遏止地方财政的粗放扩张,因地制宜地调整政府规模,强化市场机制在城镇化进程中的资源配置力,同时加大科教投入,从而实现地方财政对新型城镇化的有效推动。
While land finance provides partial revenue to local governments, it accelerates the process of urbanization. Local governments need to allocate a portion of their expenditures directly or indirectly to cover the cost of urbanization. However, the quality of urbanization is not directly proportional to the local fiscal capacity, but combined with the expenditure structure and regional characteristics. Empirical study on the relationship between local fiscal capacity and urbanization quality using the data of prefecture-level cities and above from 2003 to 2013 shows that: (1) The local financial capacity is measured both by per capita expenditure and per-unit GDP expenditure, (2) The negative effect of financial ability of eastern region on the quality of urbanization is more obvious than that of central and western regions; (3) The higher the proportion of science and education expenditure, the weaker the inhibitory effect of financial capability on urbanization quality will be. Therefore, our country should stop the extensive expansion of local finance, adjust the government scale according to local conditions, strengthen the resource allocation power of market mechanism in the process of urbanization, and increase investment in science and education at the same time so that local finance can effectively promote new-type urbanization.