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阶段变化模型于1998年首次引入我国,至今尚没有对基于该模型的身体活动研究成果进行过系统综述。对1998—2012年间,我国以此模型为基础进行的身体活动研究进行了综述;并论证了基于该模型,制订促进青少年每天锻炼一小时干预策略的可行性。在对知网等数据库的期刊论文进行计算机检索,并对符合检索条件论文的全文和参考文献进行人工检索后,114篇论文进入综述。论文被编码、分类,并使用半定量方法进行了分析。结果显示:阶段变化模型虽是我国锻炼心理学领域内备受关注的理论模型之一,但前期基于整体模型的研究和干预(或纵向)研究较少,模型在我国的适用性和应用性仍有待进一步检验。12项涉及青少年身体活动的研究中,基于整体模型的研究和干预研究各占不到一成,为后续研究提供的可参考结果极其有限。与青少年身体活动具有稳定关系的因素是性别、年级(年龄)和均衡决策。后续应考虑关注纵向设计、检验测量工具、针对不同性质被试以及基于整体模型进行研究;研究需明确界定身体活动和变化阶段的划分标准。基于阶段变化模型制定促进青少年参与体育锻炼干预策略的证据有限。
The phase change model was first introduced to our country in 1998, and so far no systematic review has been done on the research results of physical activity based on this model. This paper reviews the research on physical activity based on this model in China from 1998 to 2012 and demonstrates the feasibility of using this model to formulate a one hour intervention strategy to promote adolescents’ daily exercise. After computer searches of journal articles in databases such as Zhunwang and other articles and reference articles that meet the search criteria, 114 articles were reviewed. Papers were coded, classified, and analyzed using semi-quantitative methods. The results show that although the phase change model is one of the most concerned theoretical models in the field of exercise psychology in our country, there are few research and intervention (or longitudinal) studies based on the whole model in the early stage, and the applicability and applicability of the model in our country Pending further examination. Of the 12 studies involving physical activity among adolescents, less than 10% are based on holistic model-based research and intervention studies, and the results for follow-up studies are extremely limited. Factors that have a stable relationship with adolescent physical activity are gender, grade (age) and balanced decision making. Subsequent attention should be given to focusing on longitudinal design, testing of measurement tools, testing of individuals of different qualities, and research based on holistic models; studies need to clearly define the criteria for dividing physical activity and changing stages. There is limited evidence based on the phase change model to develop intervention strategies for adolescents involved in physical exercise.