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目的了解昆明市盘龙区居民营养状况及营养相关疾病患病情况。方法对2010年盘龙区“中国居民营养与健康状况监测”所获的膳食调查、体格测量、实验室检测等数据进行统计分析。结果共计1173人进入分析,其中男性511人,女性662人,平均年龄42.4岁。盘龙区居民谷薯类、蔬菜类和肉类食物消费充足,分别为455.7、320.4和145.8 g,而水果、豆类、鱼虾和乳类食物消费较少,仅分别为61.9、20.5、19.5和51.9 g。能量、蛋白质和脂肪摄入充足,而维生素A和钙等微量营养素摄入量较低,仅及中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量(DRIs)推荐标准(RNI/AI)的50.4%和70.4%。成年居民超重、肥胖率分别为41.7%和17.3%,糖尿病患病率为8.8%,均显著高于2002年营养调查全国大城市平均水平。7~17岁儿童青少年超重肥胖率达13.8%和11.2%。结论盘龙区居民膳食质量在明显改善的同时,也逐渐偏离了“平衡膳食”的要求。高能量密度的膳食及“静态”的生活方式正日益成为慢性非传染性疾病的主要危险因素。
Objective To understand the nutritional status of residents in Panlong District of Kunming City and the prevalence of nutrition related diseases. Methods The data of dietary surveys, body measurements and laboratory tests obtained by Panlong District in 2010 on “Nutrition and Health Status Monitoring of Chinese Residents” were statistically analyzed. Results A total of 1173 people entered the analysis, including 511 males and 662 females, with an average age of 42.4 years. The consumption of cereal, potato and meat foods in Panlong District was 455.7, 320.4 and 145.8 g respectively, while those of fruits, beans, fish and shrimp and dairy foods were relatively low, only 61.9, 20.5 and 19.5 And 51.9 g. Adequate intake of energy, protein and fat, while micronutrients such as vitamin A and calcium were low, accounting for only 50.4% and 70.4% of the Chinese national dietary reference intake (DRIs) recommendations (RNI / AI). Adults overweight, obesity rates were 41.7% and 17.3%, the prevalence of diabetes was 8.8%, were significantly higher than the 2002 National Nutrition Survey of the national average of major cities. Overweight and obesity rates among children aged 7-17 years were 13.8% and 11.2%, respectively. Conclusions Although the quality of meals of residents in Panlong District has been significantly improved, it has gradually deviated from the requirement of “balanced diet”. High-energy-density diets and “static” lifestyles are increasingly becoming major risk factors for chronic noncommunicable diseases.