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作为一个岛国,英国从事海上贸易的历史非常久远,其海上贸易商船的保护问题亦可追溯至诺曼征服之前。在相当长的一段时间里,英国商船主要依靠结伴航行来抵御旅途中被劫掠的风险。但在17世纪中叶,随着英国海外贸易的扩张及其重要性的提高,英国开始为商船提供护航。之后直至19世纪前期,护航都是英国主要的海上贸易保护政策。从17世纪中叶至19世纪前期,护航经历了商船自愿基础上的护航和强制性的护航这两个发展阶段。在这一时期,护航在保护英国海上贸易的安全方面,起到过相当大的积极作用。但随着英国海上贸易的扩张、商船数量的不断增加等,护航的缺陷日益显露,其有效性也被质疑。
As an island nation, Britain has a long history of engaging in maritime trade. Its maritime merchant shipping protection can also be traced back to Norman’s conquest. For a long period of time, British merchant ships relied on co-sailing to guard against the risk of being looted during their journey. However, in the mid-seventeenth century, as Britain expanded its overseas trade and increased its importance, Britain began to provide escort for merchant ships. Until the early 19th century, escort was the main British maritime trade protection policy. From the middle of the 17th century to the early 19th century, escort experienced two phases of development: voluntary convoy of merchant shipping and compulsory escort. During this period, escorts played a significant positive role in protecting the security of British maritime trade. However, with the expansion of British maritime trade and the ever-increasing number of merchant shipping, the escorting flaws have become increasingly apparent and its effectiveness has also been questioned.