目的探讨ｐ５３，ｎｍ２３Ｈ１与原发性肝细胞癌（ＨＣＣ）发生发展的关系．方法运用原位分子杂交技术对４９例ＨＣＣ中ｐ５３和ｎｍ２３Ｈ１基因ｍＲＮＡ进行检测，并结合临床病理特征进行分析．结果ｐ５３ｍＲＮＡ杂交阳性２３例，占４６９％；ｐ５３ｍＲＮＡ过表达与肿瘤的肝内转移．包膜侵犯及Ｅｄｍｏｎｄｓｏｎ分级相关（Ｐ＜００５）；ｎｍ２３Ｈ１ｍＲＮＡ阳性表达２７例，占５５１％；ｎｍ２３Ｈ１ｍＲＮＡ表达与肿瘤肝内转移及ＴＮＭ分期呈负相关（Ｐ＜００５）；同时发现ｐ５３ｍＲＮＡ过表达和ｎｍ２３Ｈ１ｍＲＮＡ低表达在ＨＣＣ肝内转移中具有协同作用．结论ｐ５３和ｎｍ２３Ｈ１参与ＨＣＣ的发生发展，ｐ５３过表达及ｎｍ２３Ｈ１低表达提示ＨＣＣ肝内转移． Objective To investigate the relationship between p53, nm23H1 and the occurrence and development of primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods In situ hybridization was used to detect the mRNA of p53 and nm23H1 genes in 49 cases of HCC, combined with clinical pathological features. Results The p53 mRNA was positive in 23 cases, accounting for 46.9%; p53mRNA overexpression was associated with intrahepatic metastasis. There was a correlation between capsule invasion and Edmondson grade (P<005); nm23H1 mRNA expression was positive in 27 cases (55.1%); nm23H1 mRNA expression was negatively correlated with tumor intrahepatic metastasis and TNM staging (P<005 ); also found that p53mRNA overexpression and nm23  H1mRNA low expression in HCC intrahepatic metastasis has a synergistic effect. Conclusion p53 and nm23H1 are involved in the occurrence and development of HCC. Overexpression of p53 and low expression of nm23H1 suggest intrahepatic metastasis of HCC.