随着工业、科学、石油化工事业的发展,世界上石油的耗量在逐年增长。为降低成本,运送石油的油轮也日趋大型化、专门化,由过去的万吨级发展到五万、十万直到目前的五十余万吨油轮,一百万吨油轮曾有过建造计划。现代油轮,(?)位大、船舶长、吃水深,抗风浪能力强,这样随之带来的问题就是要求装卸原油的港口码头必须适应油轮大型化、专业化的特点。为降低码头造价、缩短工期,大型油轮码头一般均建造在距岸较远的天然水深或稍经疏竣而没有掩护设施的水域。这种油码头就称 With the development of industry, science and petrochemical industry, the world’s oil consumption is increasing year by year. In order to reduce costs, oil tankers transporting petroleum have also been increasingly large-scale and specialized. From the previous 10,000-ton level to 50,000 and 100,000 respectively, the current 500,000-ton oil tankers and one million-ton oil tankers have had construction plans. The modern oil tankers are large in size, long in ships, deep in draft and strong in wind-wave resistance. The ensuing problem is that the port wharf that requires loading and unloading of crude oil must adapt to the characteristics of large-scale and specialized tankers. In order to reduce the cost of docks and shorten the construction period, large oil tankers are generally constructed with natural water depths far away from the shore or slightly dipped waters without sheltering facilities. This oil terminal is called