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目的探讨高中生内外动机的发展特点及其与归因之间的关系。方法采用学习动机量表和归因量表对1370名高中生进行问卷调查。结果高中生外部动机的水平高于内部动机的水平。内部动机与归因的多元回归为:能力R2=0.021,努力R2=0.035,任务R2=0.050;外部动机与归因的多元回归为:能力R2=0.376,努力R2=0.391,任务R2=0.317,运气R2=0.384。结论高中生外部动机水平明显高于内部动机水平;不同归因对内部动机和外部动机的预测作用不同,能力、努力和任务归因对内部动机有较强的预测作用,其中任务归因对内部动机具有反向预测作用,任务、能力、运气和努力归因对外部动机有较强的预测作用。
Objective To explore the developmental characteristics of senior high school students’ motivation both internally and externally and its relationship with attribution. Methods A total of 1370 high school students were surveyed using the Learning Motivation Inventory and the Attribution Scale. As a result, the level of external motivation in high school students was higher than the level of internal motivation. The multiple regression of internal motivation and attribution was as follows: ability R2 = 0.021, effort R2 = 0.035, task R2 = 0.050; the multiple regression of external motivation and attribution was R2 = 0.376, R2 = 0.391, Luck R2 = 0.384. Conclusion The external motivation level of senior high school students is obviously higher than the internal motivation level. Different attributions have different predictive effects on internal motivation and external motivation. Ability, effort and task attribution have strong predictive effects on internal motivation. Among them, Motivation has the function of reverse prediction, and task, ability, luck and effort attribution have strong predictive effects on external motivation.