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为明确我国西北旱地小麦施肥现状,在西北旱地冬小麦典型种植区选取3个区/县连续4年进行农户养分投入调查。调查结果分析表明,调查区域小麦产量低而不稳;氮肥投入农户31.7%适中、21.0%偏高、41.9%很高、1.7%偏低、3.7%很低;10.6%的农户磷肥投入量适中,偏低和很低的分别占41.7%和9.6%,偏高和很高的占28.3%和9.8%;钾肥投入量适中的农户占1.5%,偏低的2.1%,很低的88.3%,偏高的2.9%,很高的5.2%。氮、磷、钾肥的偏生产力(PFP)分别为21.7、36.2和88.9 kg/kg。在肥料投入总量中有机肥分别占氮肥总量的3.1%,磷肥总量的2.3%,钾肥总量的53.8%。作基肥投入的氮肥占96.2%,磷肥占100%,钾肥占100%。显然,氮肥施用过量,磷肥偏多和不足并存,钾肥重视不足,化肥偏多、有机肥偏少,基肥偏多、追肥偏少问题是目前西北旱地小麦养分投入中存在的主要问题。
In order to clarify the status of fertilization on wheat in Northwest China, three areas / counties were selected for investigation on the nutrient input of farmers in the typical winter wheat growing areas in northwest China. The survey results showed that the output of wheat in the surveyed area was low and unstable; 31.7% of the farmers were moderately fertilized with nitrogen fertilizer, 21.0% were high, 41.9% were high, 1.7% were low and 3.7% were very low; 10.6% Low and low accounted for 41.7% and 9.6% respectively, while high and high accounted for 28.3% and 9.8%; moderate amount of potash fertilizer accounted for 1.5%, low 2.1% and low 88.3% 2.9% high and 5.2% high. Bioconversion productivity (PFP) of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were 21.7, 36.2 and 88.9 kg / kg, respectively. In the total input of fertilizer organic fertilizer accounted for 3.1% of the total nitrogen, phosphate 2.3% of the total, 53.8% of the total potassium. As a base fertilizer input of nitrogen accounted for 96.2%, phosphorus accounted for 100%, potash accounted for 100%. Obviously, excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer, excessive and insufficient phosphate fertilizer coexist, inadequate emphasis on potash fertilizer, fertilizer too much, less organic fertilizer, more basal fertilizer, fertilizer less than the problem is the current shortage of wheat nutrients in the Northwest into the main problems.