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目的了解社区美沙酮维持治疗对门诊患者产生的影响。方法对浙江省温州市、四川省西昌市、贵州省织金县正在接受社区美沙酮维持治疗的30名门诊患者、15名患者家属、7名门诊医生进行个人深入访谈,每人约1~1.5小时。结果患者海洛因使用明显减少,但仍存在偷吸现象;艾滋病病毒(HIV)传播有关的高危行为减少;与毒品有关的违法犯罪大幅度减少;患者在身体健康状况、自尊、情绪、压力、家庭关系、生活规律正常化、工作状况、娱乐生活等方面,也得到了不同程度的改善。结论社区美沙酮维持治疗不仅使海洛因使用、相关犯罪及HIV高危行为有所减少,而且对改善患者生理、心理健康状况,恢复社会功能也起到了积极的作用。建议迅速扩大治疗覆盖面,吸引更多的吸毒人员参与到治疗中来。
Objective To understand the impact of community methadone maintenance treatment on outpatients. Methods Personal in-depth interviews were conducted with 30 outpatients, 15 patients’ families and 7 outpatients who were receiving community methadone maintenance treatment in Wenzhou City of Zhejiang Province, Xichang City of Sichuan Province and Zhijin County of Guizhou Province, each about 1 to 1.5 hours . As a result, the use of heroin was significantly reduced, but there was still the phenomenon of stealing; the high-risk behaviors related to the spread of HIV were reduced; the number of drug-related crimes and criminals was greatly reduced; the patients’ health status, self-esteem, emotion, stress, family relations , The normalization of the law of life, working conditions, entertainment, etc., have also been improved to varying degrees. Conclusion Community methadone maintenance treatment not only reduces the use of heroin, related crimes and high-risk behaviors of HIV, but also plays a positive role in improving patients’ physiological and psychological health and restoring social functions. It is suggested that the treatment coverage be rapidly expanded to attract more drug abusers to participate in the treatment.