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采用设立遗嘱明确遗产的归属方式,也是目前中国老年人普遍采用的方式,遗嘱具有单方法律行为,立遗嘱人必须具备完全民事行为能力,不能代理等条件。现有的遗嘱形式有公证遗嘱、自书、代书遗嘱、口头遗嘱、录音遗嘱,但各个形式存在法律缺陷。为确保设立遗嘱的有效性,遗嘱需具备立遗嘱人必须具有立遗嘱能力,遗嘱内容必须是立遗嘱人的真实意思的表示,遗嘱处分的遗产只能是个人合法所有的财产等条件。在设立遗嘱时,笔者认为还须考虑撤销遗嘱和变更遗嘱及选择遗嘱见证人的问题。
Adopting the method of establishing a will to make a clear heritage is also a common method used by the elderly in China at present. Wills have unilateral legal acts and the testator must have full civil capacity and can not act as an agent. The existing form of wills is notarized wills, books, acting wills, verbal wills, recording wills, but there are legal flaws in all forms. In order to ensure the validity of a will, the testator must have the ability to make a will. The content of the will must be the true meaning of the testator. The will to dispose of the will is only the property that is lawfully owned by the individual. When setting up a will, I think it is necessary to consider the question of revoking a will and changing a will and choosing a probate witness.