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在吉林省榆树市粮食高产示范区,以先玉335为试验材料,通过田间试验研究不同氮肥运筹对春玉米的生长、产量及土壤氮素平衡的影响。结果表明,适宜氮肥运筹方式能显著提高玉米产量,施氮量200 kg/hm2,全部用作基肥不追肥(基追比1∶0)处理前期氮素供应过量,导致氮素向子粒转运量减少,过多保留在营养体中,致使产量和氮素利用效率相对其他处理较低;氮肥1/5基施,2/5拔节期追施,2/5大喇叭口期追施(基追比为1∶2∶2)的处理有较高的氮肥农学利用率、氮肥利用率和氮肥偏生产力。玉米生育期田间氮肥的表观损失主要由一次性过量施肥造成,增大拔节后追肥比例增加了收获后土壤的无机氮残留。对氮肥的调控应结合作物养分不同阶段需求及土壤养分供应,达到玉米高产和提高氮肥利用效率,减少氮肥损失对环境带来的危害。
In the high-yielding grain yield demonstration area of Yushu City, Jilin Province, the samples of Xiangyu 335 were used to study the effects of different nitrogen fertilization on the growth and yield of spring maize and the balance of soil nitrogen through field experiments. The results showed that suitable N fertilizer application could significantly increase the yield of maize. Nitrogen application rate was 200 kg / hm2, which was all used as basal fertilizer not topdressing (base-top ratio 1: 0) , Too much retained in the nutrient body, resulting in lower yield and nitrogen use efficiency relative to other treatments; nitrogen fertilizer 1/5 base facilities, 2/5 jointing stage topdressing, 2/5 large bell mouth top dressing 1: 2: 2) treatment had higher nitrogen agronomy utilization, nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen partial productivity. The apparent loss of nitrogen fertilizer in field during maize growth was mainly caused by one-time over-fertilization. Increasing the proportion of top dressing after jointing increased the residual inorganic nitrogen in soil after harvesting. The regulation of nitrogen fertilizer should be combined with different stages of crop nutrient demand and soil nutrient supply, to achieve high yield corn and improve nitrogen use efficiency, reduce the harm of nitrogen loss to the environment.