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目的观察小鼠胚胎各个时期小肠组织的形态结构及杯状细胞在小肠内的分布规律,为小鼠小肠的组织发生提供形态学依据。方法采用HE染色和PAS染色,对小鼠胚胎第13.5天(E13.5d)至出生后第1天(P1d)胚胎的石蜡切片染色并行光学显微镜观察。结果 (1)小鼠肠壁于E13.5 d已分化出现黏膜层、黏膜下层、肌层及浆膜。(2)肠绒毛于E15.5 d分化形成,杯状细胞于E16.5 d逐渐发育分化出现,肠腺于E18.5~P1 d发育分化形成,此时小肠基本结构形成。(3)杯状细胞主要分布于小肠绒毛上皮,其中以回肠末端最多,回肠、空肠、十二指肠顺次递减(P<0.05)。杯状细胞数量随胎龄逐渐增加而逐渐增多,于P1 d最多(P<0.05)。结论小肠上皮分化于E15.5 d至E17.5 d最为迅速,胚胎时期小肠基本结构形成,其吸收消化功能基本建立完成。
Objective To observe the morphological structure of small intestine and the distribution of goblet cells in the small intestine of mouse embryos at different periods and provide morphological evidence for the occurrence of small intestine in mice. Methods HE staining and PAS staining were used to observe the paraffin sections of embryos from the day of embryonic day 13.5 (E13.5d) to the day of birth (P1d). Results (1) The mucosal layer, submucosa, muscularis and serosa were differentiated in mouse intestinal wall at E13.5 d. (2) The intestinal villi differentiated at E15.5 d, the goblet cells gradually developed and differentiated on E16.5 d, and the intestinal glands developed and differentiated at E18.5 ~ P1 d. At this time, the basic structure of the small intestine was formed. (3) Goblet cells mainly distributed in the villus epithelium of the small intestine, with the most distal ileum, ileum, jejunum and duodenum decreasing (P <0.05). The number of goblet cells gradually increased with increasing gestational age, at P1 d (P <0.05). Conclusions Intestinal epithelium differentiated most rapidly from E15.5 d to E17.5 d. The basic structure of small intestine formed during embryogenesis and its absorption and digestion function was basically established.