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近些年,刑事错案频发,如:杜培武、赵作海、萧山五青年抢劫杀人等,通过媒体披露与报道后,社会各界对其给予了高度关注。刑事错案不仅损害着公民的人身健康,同时也影响着司法的权威性、公平与公正性。党中央在工作会议上对全国政法机关提出了新的要求,应顺应民意,积极开展平安中国、法治中国的建设,尽可能地维护群众的合法权益,任何司法案件均要呈现公平与正义。特别是在党的十八届三中全会中,明确提出了要深化司法体制改革的要求,其改革重点为建立健全制度机制,避免刑事错案的出现。在司法改革积极推进环境下,本文对刑事错案展开了深入的研究,具体内容分为四部分,第一章介绍了刑事错案的概况,根据国内外学者的研究,分析了刑事错案的概念、认定标准、类型及成因等,从而为我国刑事错案相关制度机制建立奠定了理论基础;第二章分析了刑事错案救济制度的概况,包括理论分析及存在问题;第三章阐述了国外刑事错案救济的实践,以美国、英国、法国与德国为例,探讨了其实践情况、实践特点及实验经验;第四章论述了我国司法制度改革的内容,通过完善发现、纠正与赔偿的制度。我国救济系统将更加完整与科学,司法权威将逐渐恢复,同时人权也将得到可靠的司法保障。
In recent years, criminal miscarriage of justice has been frequent, such as Du Peiwu, Zhao Zuohai and Xiaoshan five youth robbery and murder. After being disclosed and reported through the media, all sectors of society have paid great attention to it. The miscarriage of justice not only harms citizens’ personal health, but also affects the judicial authority, fairness and impartiality. At the work conference, the party Central Committee put forward new requirements to the political and legal organs in the country. They should comply with popular wishes, actively carry out the construction of peaceful China and the rule of law in China, safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of the masses as much as possible, and show fairness and justice in any judicial case. Especially in the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, we have clearly put forth the need to deepen the reform of the judicial system. The reform focuses on establishing and improving the system and mechanisms and avoiding the occurrence of wrong criminal cases. Under the circumstance of actively promoting the judicial reform, this article has carried on the thorough research to the misjudged criminal case, the concrete content is divided into four parts. The first chapter introduces the general situation of the criminal misjudged case. According to the domestic and foreign scholars’ research, The second chapter analyzes the general situation of the relief system of criminal miscorrection, including theoretical analysis and existing problems. The third chapter elaborates on the remedies of miscarriage of justice in foreign countries Practice, taking the United States, Britain, France and Germany as examples, discusses its practice, practice characteristics and experimental experience; Chapter IV discusses the content of the reform of our judicial system, through the improvement of the system of discovery, correction and compensation. The relief system in our country will be more complete and the authority of science and judiciary will gradually recover. At the same time, human rights will also be assured of judicial guarantees.