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中医药学对中药“毒性”的认知历史悠久。从魏晋至明清,对中药“毒性”的认知更加深刻全面,其显著特点是愈加强调和突出“毒-效-证”之间的关联关系,即在辨证用药的动态过程中探讨毒的内涵与特征。明确毒之内涵包括药之效能、偏性、峻利、危害等内容,认为“毒性”本质是药物的自然属性,具有隐匿性与可变性。阐明有毒无毒,既与药物本身的毒性有关,又受到配伍、用量、炮制、辨证以及患者体质等因素的影响,并积累了用毒控毒的经验,为现代中药毒性理论体系的建构奠定坚实的基础。
Chinese medicine on traditional Chinese medicine “toxicity ” has a long history of cognition. From the Wei and Jin dynasties to the Ming and Qing dynasties, the cognition of the “toxicity” of Chinese medicine was more profound and comprehensive. Its notable feature was the emphasis and prominence of the association between “poison - effect - card”, that is, Exploring the connotation and characteristics of poison in the process. It is clear that the connotation of drug includes the potency, biasedness, auspiciousness and harmfulness of drug. It is considered that the “toxic” nature is the natural property of drug, which has occult and variability. To clarify the toxic and non-toxic, not only with the toxicity of the drug itself, but also by the compatibility, dosage, concoction, syndrome differentiation and the patient’s physique and other factors, and accumulated experience with toxic and poisonous drugs for modern Chinese medicine to establish a solid theoretical system of toxicity Foundation.