在第一次世界大战期间,美国军队在分配各兵种士兵的工作中采用了一种新方法,即通过一系列测试,把具有不同能力的士兵搭配组合进行编队,实践中收到了良好的效果。战后许多西方国家把这种方法广泛引入企业管理,成为企业招募员工和分配工作的重要手段。这里所说的能力是指人们能够胜任某种活动的心理特征和条件,由于每个人先天和后天条件不同, During the First World War, the U.S. military adopted a new method in allocating soldiers of all branches. Through a series of tests, soldiers with different abilities were teamed together to form a team. In practice, they received good results. After the war many western countries introduced this method extensively into enterprise management and became an important means for companies to recruit employees and distribute work. The capacity mentioned here refers to the psychological characteristics and conditions in which people can perform certain activities. Because each person has different prenatal and postnatal conditions,