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为获得近距离煤层卸压开采卸压层与被卸压层煤岩体变形、破坏特征和围岩支承压力分布规律,根据潘二煤矿7煤和6煤开采地质及工程条件,建立了7煤下行卸压开采和6煤上行卸压开采的相似材料试验模型。通过试验观测与数据分析,获得了单一煤层下行卸压开采(7煤)、上行卸压开采(6煤)覆岩运移、支承压力分布等围岩力学特征及多煤层(7煤和6煤)开采围岩力学特征的叠加演化效应。研究表明,被卸压层中的应力分布及变形特征与卸压层开采布置参数、层间距及岩层结构密切相关,而煤柱留设是影响卸压开采效果及被卸压层安全开采的关键因素,尤其是煤柱下应力集中区的巷道布置、围岩稳定性控制、煤岩动力灾害防治等是下行卸压开采的技术关键。
In order to obtain the deformation and failure characteristics of the pressure-relief layer and the pressure-relief strata and the bearing pressure distribution of the surrounding rock during the process of pressure relief mining in the close distance coal seam, according to the geology and engineering conditions of No.7 and No.6 coal mining in Panyi Coal Mine, Downstream pressure relief mining and 6 coal upstream pressure relief mining similar material test model. Through the experimental observation and data analysis, the mechanics characteristics of the surrounding rocks such as the descending pressure mining (7 coal) in a single coal seam, the overburden migration and the supporting pressure distribution in the upward pressure relief mining (6 coal) ) Superimposed evolutionary mechanics of surrounding rock mechanics. The study shows that the stress distribution and deformation characteristics in the depressurized layer are closely related to the mining layout parameters, interlayer spacing and rock formation structure of the pressure relief layer, while the pillar pillars are the key factors influencing the relief mining and the safe exploitation of the depressurized layer Factors such as roadway layout, stress stability of surrounding rock, prevention and control of coal-rock dynamic disasters, etc. are the key technical issues in the development of pressure relief mining.