本研究运用对上海两个市区和两个郊县４０３０名产妇产后１５个月的随访资料，探讨婴儿辅食的添加规律（包括时间、原因、建议者）及影响过早添加辅食的可能因素。结果：（１）大部分婴儿在出生后都过早地添加了辅食，出生１～４个月添加辅食的概率分别为６７．００％、７９．２７％、８５．５８％和９２．５８％；（２）在各类辅食中，水和乳类辅食的开始添加时间最早，出生后１个月时已分别高达４５．２６％和４０．７２；（３）大部分辅食（水、果汁类和淀粉类）的添加原因主要是出于婴儿营养和健康的考虑，添加乳类辅食的主要原因则是母乳不足。添加辅食的建议者主要是婴儿的母亲本人，但乳母的父母和医务人员也起着一定的作用；（４）城镇户籍的母亲、接受过哺乳宣教和剖宫产是促使婴儿过早添加辅食的因素；进行哺乳咨询、查阅有关哺乳书籍、无从获得哺乳知识和女性婴儿是防止过早给婴儿添加辅食的因素。提示：纠正人们对添加辅食的错误认识，避免在婴儿未满４个月时过早添加辅食，是母乳喂养工作中的重点。 In this study, the follow-up data of 4030 postpartum mothers in two urban areas and two suburban districts of Shanghai were used to investigate the infant supplementation patterns (including time, cause and suggestion) and the possible factors influencing the premature feeding of complementary foods. Results: (1) Most infants fed complementary food prematurely after birth, and their probabilities of adding supplementary food from 1 to 4 months after birth were 67.00%, 79.27%, 85.58% and 92.58%, respectively ; (2) Among all kinds of complementary foods, the supplementing time of water and milk food was the earliest, reaching 45.26% and 40.72 respectively at 1 month after birth; (3) Most of the complementary foods (water and fruit juice And starch) is mainly due to infant nutrition and health considerations, the main reason for adding dairy food supplement is the lack of breast milk. Addition of complementary food is mainly recommended by the infant’s mother himself, but nursing mothers and medical staff also play a role. (4) Urbanized mothers who have received breast-feeding education and cesarean section are urged to prematurely add supplementary food Factors; breastfeeding counseling, access to books on breastfeeding, lack of breastfeeding knowledge and female infants are factors that prevent premature infant feeding. Tip: Correct misconceptions about adding complementary foods and avoid premature food supplements when babies are under 4 months, which is the focus of breastfeeding efforts.