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洪水灾害是我国主要的自然灾害之一,然而洪水保险制度在我国却迟迟未能建立。纵观国际上洪水风险管理体系较为成功的国家和地区,以美国为代表的政府主导型洪水保险制度对我国有着重要的启示。通过对美国洪水保险计划(NFIP)的法制发展、运营现状、模式特色,以及出现的问题等方面的分析,我们认为,政府主导的洪水保险模式是我国洪水风险管理的可行模式之一;在洪灾风险管理体系中,洪水保险立法应作为重要的制度基础;在洪水保险计划的实施中,可靠的技术分析以及充分利用商业保险渠道是运营成功的关键。
Flood disaster is one of the major natural disasters in our country, however, the flood insurance system has not been established in our country yet. Looking at the countries and regions with more successful flood risk management systems in the world, the government-led flood insurance system represented by the United States has an important inspiration to our country. Through the analysis of the legal system development, operational status quo, model features and emerging issues of the U.S. National Flood Insurance Plan (NFIP), we think that the government-led flood insurance model is one of the feasible models for flood risk management in China. In the risk management system, flood insurance legislation should be an important institutional basis. In the implementation of flood insurance plan, reliable technical analysis and full use of commercial insurance channels are the keys to the success of the operation.