论文部分内容阅读
[摘要] 目的 分析鼻腔NK/T细胞淋巴瘤的疗效及预后因素。方法 分析1996年9月~2005年9月本院收治的60例Ⅰ/Ⅱ期鼻腔NK/T细胞淋巴瘤资料。单因素分析采用Kaplan-Meier法,多因素分析运用Cox比例风险模型。结果 全组5年总生存率(OS)和无病生存率(DFS)分别为56.4%与38.6%。达CR与未达CR的5年OS率分别为60.4%及16.0%(P<0.05)。单纯化疗与综合治疗相比,5年OS率分别为18.8%及56.7%(P<0.05),5年DFS分别为15.2%和51.4%。单纯放疗与综合治疗相比,5年OS率为60.2%及56.7%(P>0.05),5年DFS分别为57.0%及51.4%(P>0.05)。放疗后化疗和化疗后放疗的5年OS率及DFS率分别为59.2%及52.6%,和53.6%及47.5%,无统计学意义。多因素分析显示,B症状、CR率、超腔为独立预后因素。结论 单纯化疗在早期鼻腔NK/T细胞淋巴瘤疗效差。B症状,超腔,CR率是判断预后的指标。
[关键词] NK/T细胞淋巴瘤;放射治疗;化学治疗;预后
[中图分类号] R739.62[文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-9701(2010)04-06-03
Prognostic Factors and Curative Efficacy of Nasal NK/T-cell Lymphoma
LUO YangkunTAN YanFU BinyuWEN Hao
Radiation Therapy Center,Sichuan Provincial Tumor Hospital,Chengdu 610041,China
[Abstract] Objective To analyze the curative efficacy and prognostic factors in 60 cases of primary nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma. Methods From Sept.1996 to Sept.2005, 60 cases of nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma were diagnosed pathologically. Data from these patients were reviewed. Kaplan-Meier methods were applied in single-factor analysis,and the Cox regression model was applied in multivariate analysis. Results The 5-year overall survival(OS)rate and disease free survival(DFS)rate for all patients were 56.4% and 38.6%. The 5-year OS rate for CR and no-CR patients was 60.4% and 16.0%(P<0.05). The 5-year OS rate and DFS rate of chemotherapy alone group and combined therapy group were 18.8% and 15.2%,56.7% and 51.4%,respectively. The 5-year OS rate and DFS rate were 59.2% and 52.6% for radiotherapy followed by chemotherapy,and 53.6% and 47.5% for chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy. The COX regression showed that B symptoms,local tumor invasion out of the nasal cavity andCR rate were independent prognostic factors. Conclusion NK/T-cell lymphoma shows low chemotherapy sensitivity. B symptoms,local tumor invasion out of the nasal cavity and CR rate are independent prognostic factors.
[Key words] Nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma;Radiotherapy;Chemotherapy;Prognosis
NK/T细胞淋巴瘤是恶性淋巴瘤中的少见特殊类型,鼻腔NK/T细胞淋巴瘤是除韦氏环外最常见的结外非霍奇金淋巴瘤,占全部恶性淋巴瘤的2%~10%,以结外侵犯为主,面中线结构是最常累及的部位。目前其治疗模式存在争议。本研究观察60例早期鼻腔NK/T细胞淋巴瘤患者的治疗疗效,并分析预后因素。
1材料与方法
1.1临床资料
收集1996年9月~2005年9月收治的60例Ⅰ/Ⅱ期原发鼻腔NK/T细胞淋巴瘤,均经病理及免疫组化证实。免疫组化检查包括CD45、CD43、CD45RO、CD2、CD3、CD79、CD20、TIA(T细胞内抗原T-cell intracellular Antigen)和颗粒酶B(Granzyme B)等。所有病例均有一种或多种NK/T细胞抗原阳性,如CD56(+),CD3(+),CD45RO(+)或CD2(+)等,但B细胞抗原标志CD19、CD20、CD79阴性。男性42例,女性18例,男女比为2.3∶1。年龄≤60岁47例,>60岁13例,中位年龄45岁。Ann Arbor分期:Ⅰ期38例,Ⅱ期22例。28例有B症状。PS评分<2分56例,≥2分4例。LDH升高12例。IPI(国际预后指数international prognostic index,IPI)<2分44例。原发灶局限于鼻腔42例,超出鼻腔18例。临床表现为局部肿块、溃疡坏死、伴血性和(或)脓性分泌物,症状主要为鼻塞、咽痛、涕血、恶臭等。
1.2治疗方法
60例中单纯放疗7例,单纯化疗16例,放化综合治疗37例,其中先放疗后化疗17例、先化疗后放疗20例。放疗采用6-MV直线加速器或60Co照射,根治剂量为45~68Gy,预防剂量为40~50Gy,常规分割照射。化疗多采用CHOP方案(环磷酰胺+阿霉素+长春新碱+强的松)。少见方案有BACOP、ProMACE/CytaBOM等。
1.3近期疗效评价
近期疗效的评价按国际淋巴瘤疗效评价标准[1]执行,分为完全缓解(CR)、不肯定完全缓解(CRu)、部分缓解(PR)及疾病进展(PD)。
1.4随访及统计学方法
采用门诊及电话的方式进行随访。生存时间计算为自放疗开始日期至死亡或末次随访日期。生存率统计采用Kaplan-Meier法,Log-Rank法比较组间生存率,多因素分析采用COX比例风险模型。
2结果
2.1近期疗效
全组患者中达CR30例(50%)。单纯放疗5例达CR(5/7),单纯化疗1例CR(1/16),放疗后化疗11例达CR(11/17),化疗后放疗13例达CR(13/20)。单纯放疗及综合治疗CR率明显高于单纯化疗(P<0.01)。首先接受放疗24例中达CR16例,首先接受化疗的36例中达CR14例。达CR与未达CR的5年生存率分别为60.4%及16%(P<0.01)。
2.2远期疗效
全组5年OS率和DFS分别为56.4%与38.6%。单纯化疗与综合治疗相比,5年OS率分别为18.8%及56.7%(P<0.05),5年DFS分别为15.2%和51.4%(P<0.01)。单纯放疗与综合治疗相比,5年OS率为60.2%及56.7%(P>0.05),5年DFS分别为57.0%及51.4%(P>0.05)。放疗后化疗和化疗后放疗的5年OS率及DFS率分别为59.2%及52.6%,和53.6%及47.5%,无统计学意义。
2.3预后因素分析
单因素分析PS评分(P<0.05)、B症状(P=0.003)、超腔(P<0.01)、接受放疗(P<0.05)、首程治疗疗效(P<0.01)与患者生存相关。年龄,性别,LDH,IPI,临床分期等与生存无关。COX多因素回归分析显示,B症状、首程治疗疗效、超腔为独立预后因素,见表1。
3讨论
鼻腔NK/T细胞淋巴瘤多见于男性,为NK细胞和T细胞表型,其免疫组化学特征为CD45RO+、CD3+、CD56+、CD43+、CD45 +、CD45RA-、CD20-,与EB病毒感染密切相关[2]。以面部中线部位进行性破坏为特征,主要表现为鼻塞、脓血涕、局部肿胀及溃疡,晚期可侵犯全身其他部位。病理学表现以血管为中心浸润性生长,伴坏死现象,细胞呈多形性[3]。
鼻腔NK/T细胞淋巴瘤对化疗抗拒,以化疗为主的疗效差。化疗不敏感的原因可能与p53基因突变[4]。Cheung 等[5]报道79例早期鼻腔NK/T淋巴瘤,首次采用化疗和放疗的CR率分别为49%和78%,认为本病对化疗尤其抵抗。Chim等[6]报道67例鼻腔NK细胞淋巴瘤,单纯放疗患者CR率为100%,先化疗再放疗的患者CR率仅为59.3%,具有统计学意义。文献报道早期病例放疗CR率为55%~100%,化疗<40%。本研究结果显示单纯化疗16例仅1例达CR,明显低于单纯放疗及综合治疗,与文献报道相似。
早期鼻腔NK/T细胞淋巴瘤的治疗放疗为主。但放化疗与单纯放疗相比没有提高生存率。Kim等[7]研究显示单纯放疗和综合治疗的5年OS率分别为38%及35%,综合治疗未提高生存率。Cheung等[5]研究显示综合治疗和单纯放疗的5年OS率分别为40.3%及29.8%,5年DFS为35.8%和30.5%,无统计学意义。目前在早期鼻腔NK/T细胞淋巴瘤治疗中以放疗为主已取得共识[8-10]。本研究结果显示单纯放疗与综合治疗相比,5年OS率为60.2%及56.7%,5年DFS分别为57.0%及51.4%,均无统计学意义。而在两种综合治疗模式比较中,放疗后化疗和化疗后放疗5年OS率及DFS率分别为59.2%及52.6%,和53.6%及47.5%,也无统计学意义,与国内外报道相似[7]。鼻腔NK/T细胞淋巴瘤的局部复发和远处转移一样重要,研究新化疗方案是以后研究方向之一。本研究显示,B症状、CR率、病变超腔为独立预后因素,与部分研究结果一致[8-9]。初诊时超腔侵犯患者的生存率明显降低,比IPI于预后更有意义[10]。我们还发现CR率与生存率有明显相关性,鼻腔NK/T细胞淋巴瘤首程治疗效果是预后重要因素。Kim等[7]分析143例头颈部血管中心性淋巴瘤的预后因素,显示CR率是最重要预后因素。本研究结果显示首次治疗后达CR与未达CR的5年生存率分别为60.4%及16.0%,有显著性差异。早期鼻腔NK/T细胞瘤的治疗应以放疗为主。B症状、超腔、CR率是重要预后因素。进行同步放疗及新化疗方案的研究,提高首程疗效,是以后的研究方向。
[参考文献]
[1] Cheson BD,Horning SJ,Coiffier B,et al. Report of an international workshop to standardize response criteria for non-Hodgkins lymphomas. NCI Sponsored International Working Group[J]. J Clin Oncol,1999,17(4):1244-1254.
[2] Jaffe ES. Nasal and nasal-type T/NK cell lymphoma:a unique form of lymphoma associated with the Epstein-Barr virus[J]. Histopathology,1995,27(6):581-583.
[3] Wan M,Chow J,Lei K,et al. Allelotyping of gastro intestinal nasal -type NK/T-cell lymphoma[J]. Leuk Res,2004,28(4):339-343.
[4] Li T,Hongyo T,Syaifudin M,et al. Mutations of the p53 gene in nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma[J]. Lab Invest,2000,80(4):493-499.
[5] Cheung MM,Chan JK,Lau WH,et al. Early stage nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma: clinical outcome,prognostic factors,and the effect of treatment modality[J]. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys,2002,54(1):182- 190.
[6] Chim Cs,Ma SY,Au WY,et al. Primary nasal natural killer cell lymphomas: long-term treatment outpoint and relationship with the internation prognostic index[J]. Blood,2004,103(1):216-221.
[7] Kim GE,Lee SW,Chang SK,et al. Combined chemotherapy and radiation versus radiation alone in the management of localized angiocentric lymphoma of the head and neck[J]. Radiother Oncol,2001,61(3):261-269.
[8] Kim WS,Song SY,Ahn YC,et al. CHOP followed by involvedfield radiation: is it optimal for localized nasal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma[J]. Ann Oncol,2001,12(3):349-352.
[9] Li YX,Yao B,Jin J,et al.Radiotherapy as primary treatment forstageⅠ(E)and Ⅱ(E)nasal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma[J]. J Clin Oncol,2006,24(1):181-189.
[10] Shim SJ, Yang WI, Shin E, et al. Clinical significance of cyclooxygenase-2 expression in extranodal natural killer(NK)/T-cell lymphoma,nasal type[J]. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys,2007,67(1):31-38.
(收稿日期:2009-11-23)
[关键词] NK/T细胞淋巴瘤;放射治疗;化学治疗;预后
[中图分类号] R739.62[文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-9701(2010)04-06-03
Prognostic Factors and Curative Efficacy of Nasal NK/T-cell Lymphoma
LUO YangkunTAN YanFU BinyuWEN Hao
Radiation Therapy Center,Sichuan Provincial Tumor Hospital,Chengdu 610041,China
[Abstract] Objective To analyze the curative efficacy and prognostic factors in 60 cases of primary nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma. Methods From Sept.1996 to Sept.2005, 60 cases of nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma were diagnosed pathologically. Data from these patients were reviewed. Kaplan-Meier methods were applied in single-factor analysis,and the Cox regression model was applied in multivariate analysis. Results The 5-year overall survival(OS)rate and disease free survival(DFS)rate for all patients were 56.4% and 38.6%. The 5-year OS rate for CR and no-CR patients was 60.4% and 16.0%(P<0.05). The 5-year OS rate and DFS rate of chemotherapy alone group and combined therapy group were 18.8% and 15.2%,56.7% and 51.4%,respectively. The 5-year OS rate and DFS rate were 59.2% and 52.6% for radiotherapy followed by chemotherapy,and 53.6% and 47.5% for chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy. The COX regression showed that B symptoms,local tumor invasion out of the nasal cavity andCR rate were independent prognostic factors. Conclusion NK/T-cell lymphoma shows low chemotherapy sensitivity. B symptoms,local tumor invasion out of the nasal cavity and CR rate are independent prognostic factors.
[Key words] Nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma;Radiotherapy;Chemotherapy;Prognosis
NK/T细胞淋巴瘤是恶性淋巴瘤中的少见特殊类型,鼻腔NK/T细胞淋巴瘤是除韦氏环外最常见的结外非霍奇金淋巴瘤,占全部恶性淋巴瘤的2%~10%,以结外侵犯为主,面中线结构是最常累及的部位。目前其治疗模式存在争议。本研究观察60例早期鼻腔NK/T细胞淋巴瘤患者的治疗疗效,并分析预后因素。
1材料与方法
1.1临床资料
收集1996年9月~2005年9月收治的60例Ⅰ/Ⅱ期原发鼻腔NK/T细胞淋巴瘤,均经病理及免疫组化证实。免疫组化检查包括CD45、CD43、CD45RO、CD2、CD3、CD79、CD20、TIA(T细胞内抗原T-cell intracellular Antigen)和颗粒酶B(Granzyme B)等。所有病例均有一种或多种NK/T细胞抗原阳性,如CD56(+),CD3(+),CD45RO(+)或CD2(+)等,但B细胞抗原标志CD19、CD20、CD79阴性。男性42例,女性18例,男女比为2.3∶1。年龄≤60岁47例,>60岁13例,中位年龄45岁。Ann Arbor分期:Ⅰ期38例,Ⅱ期22例。28例有B症状。PS评分<2分56例,≥2分4例。LDH升高12例。IPI(国际预后指数international prognostic index,IPI)<2分44例。原发灶局限于鼻腔42例,超出鼻腔18例。临床表现为局部肿块、溃疡坏死、伴血性和(或)脓性分泌物,症状主要为鼻塞、咽痛、涕血、恶臭等。
1.2治疗方法
60例中单纯放疗7例,单纯化疗16例,放化综合治疗37例,其中先放疗后化疗17例、先化疗后放疗20例。放疗采用6-MV直线加速器或60Co照射,根治剂量为45~68Gy,预防剂量为40~50Gy,常规分割照射。化疗多采用CHOP方案(环磷酰胺+阿霉素+长春新碱+强的松)。少见方案有BACOP、ProMACE/CytaBOM等。
1.3近期疗效评价
近期疗效的评价按国际淋巴瘤疗效评价标准[1]执行,分为完全缓解(CR)、不肯定完全缓解(CRu)、部分缓解(PR)及疾病进展(PD)。
1.4随访及统计学方法
采用门诊及电话的方式进行随访。生存时间计算为自放疗开始日期至死亡或末次随访日期。生存率统计采用Kaplan-Meier法,Log-Rank法比较组间生存率,多因素分析采用COX比例风险模型。
2结果
2.1近期疗效
全组患者中达CR30例(50%)。单纯放疗5例达CR(5/7),单纯化疗1例CR(1/16),放疗后化疗11例达CR(11/17),化疗后放疗13例达CR(13/20)。单纯放疗及综合治疗CR率明显高于单纯化疗(P<0.01)。首先接受放疗24例中达CR16例,首先接受化疗的36例中达CR14例。达CR与未达CR的5年生存率分别为60.4%及16%(P<0.01)。
2.2远期疗效
全组5年OS率和DFS分别为56.4%与38.6%。单纯化疗与综合治疗相比,5年OS率分别为18.8%及56.7%(P<0.05),5年DFS分别为15.2%和51.4%(P<0.01)。单纯放疗与综合治疗相比,5年OS率为60.2%及56.7%(P>0.05),5年DFS分别为57.0%及51.4%(P>0.05)。放疗后化疗和化疗后放疗的5年OS率及DFS率分别为59.2%及52.6%,和53.6%及47.5%,无统计学意义。
2.3预后因素分析
单因素分析PS评分(P<0.05)、B症状(P=0.003)、超腔(P<0.01)、接受放疗(P<0.05)、首程治疗疗效(P<0.01)与患者生存相关。年龄,性别,LDH,IPI,临床分期等与生存无关。COX多因素回归分析显示,B症状、首程治疗疗效、超腔为独立预后因素,见表1。
3讨论
鼻腔NK/T细胞淋巴瘤多见于男性,为NK细胞和T细胞表型,其免疫组化学特征为CD45RO+、CD3+、CD56+、CD43+、CD45 +、CD45RA-、CD20-,与EB病毒感染密切相关[2]。以面部中线部位进行性破坏为特征,主要表现为鼻塞、脓血涕、局部肿胀及溃疡,晚期可侵犯全身其他部位。病理学表现以血管为中心浸润性生长,伴坏死现象,细胞呈多形性[3]。
鼻腔NK/T细胞淋巴瘤对化疗抗拒,以化疗为主的疗效差。化疗不敏感的原因可能与p53基因突变[4]。Cheung 等[5]报道79例早期鼻腔NK/T淋巴瘤,首次采用化疗和放疗的CR率分别为49%和78%,认为本病对化疗尤其抵抗。Chim等[6]报道67例鼻腔NK细胞淋巴瘤,单纯放疗患者CR率为100%,先化疗再放疗的患者CR率仅为59.3%,具有统计学意义。文献报道早期病例放疗CR率为55%~100%,化疗<40%。本研究结果显示单纯化疗16例仅1例达CR,明显低于单纯放疗及综合治疗,与文献报道相似。
早期鼻腔NK/T细胞淋巴瘤的治疗放疗为主。但放化疗与单纯放疗相比没有提高生存率。Kim等[7]研究显示单纯放疗和综合治疗的5年OS率分别为38%及35%,综合治疗未提高生存率。Cheung等[5]研究显示综合治疗和单纯放疗的5年OS率分别为40.3%及29.8%,5年DFS为35.8%和30.5%,无统计学意义。目前在早期鼻腔NK/T细胞淋巴瘤治疗中以放疗为主已取得共识[8-10]。本研究结果显示单纯放疗与综合治疗相比,5年OS率为60.2%及56.7%,5年DFS分别为57.0%及51.4%,均无统计学意义。而在两种综合治疗模式比较中,放疗后化疗和化疗后放疗5年OS率及DFS率分别为59.2%及52.6%,和53.6%及47.5%,也无统计学意义,与国内外报道相似[7]。鼻腔NK/T细胞淋巴瘤的局部复发和远处转移一样重要,研究新化疗方案是以后研究方向之一。本研究显示,B症状、CR率、病变超腔为独立预后因素,与部分研究结果一致[8-9]。初诊时超腔侵犯患者的生存率明显降低,比IPI于预后更有意义[10]。我们还发现CR率与生存率有明显相关性,鼻腔NK/T细胞淋巴瘤首程治疗效果是预后重要因素。Kim等[7]分析143例头颈部血管中心性淋巴瘤的预后因素,显示CR率是最重要预后因素。本研究结果显示首次治疗后达CR与未达CR的5年生存率分别为60.4%及16.0%,有显著性差异。早期鼻腔NK/T细胞瘤的治疗应以放疗为主。B症状、超腔、CR率是重要预后因素。进行同步放疗及新化疗方案的研究,提高首程疗效,是以后的研究方向。
[参考文献]
[1] Cheson BD,Horning SJ,Coiffier B,et al. Report of an international workshop to standardize response criteria for non-Hodgkins lymphomas. NCI Sponsored International Working Group[J]. J Clin Oncol,1999,17(4):1244-1254.
[2] Jaffe ES. Nasal and nasal-type T/NK cell lymphoma:a unique form of lymphoma associated with the Epstein-Barr virus[J]. Histopathology,1995,27(6):581-583.
[3] Wan M,Chow J,Lei K,et al. Allelotyping of gastro intestinal nasal -type NK/T-cell lymphoma[J]. Leuk Res,2004,28(4):339-343.
[4] Li T,Hongyo T,Syaifudin M,et al. Mutations of the p53 gene in nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma[J]. Lab Invest,2000,80(4):493-499.
[5] Cheung MM,Chan JK,Lau WH,et al. Early stage nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma: clinical outcome,prognostic factors,and the effect of treatment modality[J]. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys,2002,54(1):182- 190.
[6] Chim Cs,Ma SY,Au WY,et al. Primary nasal natural killer cell lymphomas: long-term treatment outpoint and relationship with the internation prognostic index[J]. Blood,2004,103(1):216-221.
[7] Kim GE,Lee SW,Chang SK,et al. Combined chemotherapy and radiation versus radiation alone in the management of localized angiocentric lymphoma of the head and neck[J]. Radiother Oncol,2001,61(3):261-269.
[8] Kim WS,Song SY,Ahn YC,et al. CHOP followed by involvedfield radiation: is it optimal for localized nasal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma[J]. Ann Oncol,2001,12(3):349-352.
[9] Li YX,Yao B,Jin J,et al.Radiotherapy as primary treatment forstageⅠ(E)and Ⅱ(E)nasal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma[J]. J Clin Oncol,2006,24(1):181-189.
[10] Shim SJ, Yang WI, Shin E, et al. Clinical significance of cyclooxygenase-2 expression in extranodal natural killer(NK)/T-cell lymphoma,nasal type[J]. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys,2007,67(1):31-38.
(收稿日期:2009-11-23)