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森林在数千年间一直是印度文学的一个中心场景。从上古的吠陀、史诗到中古诗人迦梨陀娑,再到近现代诗人泰戈尔,都有丰富的森林书写。诗人笔下的森林既有外在于人的纯自然的森林,更有与人的生活有着密切关系的人化的森林,特别是其中的净修林,既是修道场所,也是教育基地,具有启迪智慧、净化心灵的作用,在文学审美中形成了以追求解脱为标志的平静味。随着仙人文化影响的深入,森林栖居由修道方式演变成生活方式,成为简朴自然生活的象征。这样的森林书写是印度森林文明的结晶,其中蕴涵着原生态主义的思想和智慧。
Forests have been a central scene in Indian literature for thousands of years. From the ancient Vedic, epic to the ancient poet Jia Li Tuo, and then to modern poet Tagore, are rich in forest writing. The poets’ forests are both man-made and natural forests, and humanized forests that are closely related to people’s life. In particular, the net forest cultivation is not only a monastic place but also an educational base, which has enlightenment wisdom, Purification of the role of the soul, the formation of a literary aesthetic in the pursuit of relief as the symbol of calm taste. With the deepening influence of immortal culture, forest dwelling evolved from a monastic approach to a lifestyle and became a symbol of simple natural life. Such forest writing is the crystallization of Indian forest civilization, which implies the original ecological thinking and wisdom.