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目的：:调研中国眼科专科医院伦理委员会建设现状，了解其建设及运转情况，以发现存在的主要问题并提出相关解决对策。方法：:横断面研究。采取便利抽样并结合网络发放的方式，于2018年10月至2019年10月对全国33家眼科专科医院的伦理委员会展开调查，内容包括伦理委员会概况、建设、运行等。选取有效问卷数据，采用描述性统计分析进行数据分析。结果：:33家眼科专科医院中，21家（64%）设立了伦理委员会，另外12家（36%）没有设立伦理委员会。21家设有伦理委会的医院中有12家设置独立伦理委员会，9家设有专职秘书/工作人员，4家伦理委员会无院外委员，7家伦理委员会未制定主审制，4家未开展年度/定期跟踪审查，3家伦理委员会没有对本单位的研究者开展伦理相关内容培训。结论：:眼科专科医院伦理委员会存在隶属关系混乱、成员组成不合理、委员培训不到位、缺乏伦理审查的全程性等问题；眼科专科医院仍需在伦理委员会设置、人员构成、有效的保障条件、委员的有效培训机制、规范的伦理审查程序等方面加强建设。建议以成立眼科专科医院伦理协作审查联盟的方式，积极推进联盟内成员单位伦理委员会的规范化建设，修订和完善标准操作规程，在提高伦理审查效率的同时，促进眼科专科医院伦理委员会规范、高质量地发展。“,”Objective::To detect the main problems in the formation of ethics committees in eye hospitals in China and to provide relevant solutions for them by investigating the current status and understanding the establishment and operation at these hospitals.Methods::This was a cross-sectional study. Convenience sampling combined with online distribution was adopted to investigate 33 ethics committees in eye hospitals all over the country from October 2018 to October 2019. The contents included the profile, formation, and operation of these ethics committees. Valid questionnaire data were selected and analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis.Results::A total of 21(64%) eye hospitals had established ethics committees, and the other 12(36%) had not. Of the 21 hospitals with ethics committees, 12 hospitals had independent ethics committees, 9 hospitals had full-time secretaries or staff, 4 hospitals did not have outside committee members, 7 hospitals had not established the presiding censorship, 4 hospitals had not conducted annual or regular follow-up reviews, and 3 hospitals had not organized ethics-related training for their researchers.Conclusions::There are problems in ethics committees in eye hospitals, such as chaotic subordinate relationships, inappropriate membership, inadequate training of committee members, and a lack of the whole course of ethics censorship. Specialized eye hospitals still need to strengthen the establishment of ethics committee setup, personnel composition, effective guaranteed conditions, effective training mechanisms, and normalized ethical review procedures. Mean while, it is recommended to establish a collaborative ethics censor alliance in eye hospitals, to actively promote a more normalized formation of ethics committees in the alliance, and to revise and improve standard operating procedures. While increasing the efficiency of ethical reviews, there are benefits in promoting the development, normalization and high quality of these ethics committees in eye hospitals.